Life Science

Front 1

1. What are the similarities between plants and animals?

Back 1

Both require water to survive, both have a vascular (circulate fluid) system, both have cellular respiration (capturing energy from food) in the mitochondria, mitosis and meiosis (process by which cells get ready to participate in reproduction.)

Front 2

2. What are the differences between plants and animals?

Back 2

Plants have sexual and asexual reproduction, animals only sexual.
Plants have cell walls, chloroplasts for photosynthesis and cell vacuoles.
Plants need CO2, minerals, water and light. Animals survive by eating other organisms.
Plants hold themselves up with cell walls, animals have a skeletal structure.
Plants excrete O2, animals excrete CO2.

Front 3

3. What are common major structures of plants?

Back 3

stems, leaves, buds, roots, flowers, fruit, seeds

Front 4

4. What are common major structures of animals?

Back 4

arms, wings, legs, systems, organs

Front 5

5. What are the different kinds of environments inhabited by plants and animals?

Back 5

Tundra, mountains, seashores, oceans, rivers and lakes, wetlands, deserts, grasslands, tropical rain forests, temperate forests

Front 6

Tundra

Back 6

thick, waterproof fur; ability to migrate; layers of fat or blubber

Front 7

Mountains

Back 7

features that allow climbing, migration, thick coats of fur, plants grow in dense cushions and have thick, hairy leaves that trap heat and reduce water loss, some animals have large hearts and lungs to get enough oxygen

Front 8

Seashores

Back 8

abilities to get , from sea, nest away from predators, ability to survive constantly changing conditions (tides)

Front 9

Oceans

Back 9

– Two main habitats pelagic (the water) and benthic (the ocean floor), dead plants and animals fall to the ocean floor making it very nutrient rich, large stomachs, sonar, lights, ability to absorb or filter nutrients from the water

Front 10

Rivers & Lakes

Back 10

complex old communities, webbed feet, plants provide shelter and food, varying levels of oxygen

Front 11

Wetlands

Back 11

– fresh or saltwater, produce more plant materials than other ecosystems (breathing pores in their roots), birds nest there due to fewer enemies, water levels change with seasons, some fish have gills, some can breathe air, many have the ability to move across the surface of water

Front 12

Deserts

Back 12

plants have deep, wide-spreading roots, touch skins, small leaves and special ways of storing water, little dead material to make the soil rich, animals burrow and can store fat in their body which can be broken down to provide energy and water

Front 13

Grasslands

Back 13

grass is the start of many food chains because it grows from the bottom and the more it is eaten, the faster it grows, different species of animals eat different parts of the grasslands, lots of herbivores which provide food for the predators, nutrient system is very rich and cycle is endless

Front 14

Tropical rain forests

Back 14

more than ½ of all world species live here; wet, warm and bright sunlight provide lush growing environment, water oxygen minerals and nutrients all pass through the trees and into the canopy where they are recycled so quickly that the soil tends to be poor, many animals have adaptations to move between trees quickly, fungi and plants on the forest floor don’t need light

Front 15

Temperate forests

Back 15

– mild temps, nutrient cycles are slower, and small plants survive because more sunlight reaches the ground, needles on trees mean the tree loses less water, animals and plants nest in empty trees, many animals migrate, hibernate or become less active in winter seasons

Front 16

Herbivores (plant eaters)

Back 16

have long incisor teeth to cut through tough plant stems, while its molar teeth grind up its food.

Front 17

Carnivores

Back 17

have long canine teeth that grip its food and sharp carnassials teeth that slice up food so that it can be swallowed.

Front 18

Transpiration

Back 18

water travels upward through a plant’s roots and stems and evaporates into the air from the leaves and flowers; water also carries dissolved minerals

Front 19

Translocation

Back 19

transport system that works in other direction carrying nutrients away from leaves into buds, shoots and roots

Front 20

How are green leaves associated with making food from sunlight?

Back 20

Cells of leave contain chloroplasts (an organelle), which contain chlorophyll and other pigments that trap the energy in sunlight. This trapped energy provides power for a complicated series of chemical reactions. Water molecules are split apart into Hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The hydrogen combines with CO2 molecules to make glucose and O2 is given off as waste product.

Front 21

Why is there variation among individuals of one kind within a population.

Back 21

Each sexually reproduced plant or animal has its own unique DNA which gives it a distinctive set of characteristics. Tiny variations are important, because they mean a species evolves or changes with time. Some DNA variations are more successful than others, so as one generation succeeds another, their more successful genes become more common.

Front 22

What can affect the germination, growth, and development of plants?

Back 22

Light, gravity, touch, or environmental stress