Life Science

Front 1

What is cell differentation?

Back 1

1) A process that occurs with the cells of a developing embryo bur can occur also in adults.
2) Determins what cell type each cell will become.

Front 2

Pyrimidines

Back 2

One Ring on double helix (Thymine and Cytosine)

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RNA

Back 3

A single stranded string of nucleotides

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Proteins

Back 4

made from ribosomes

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Transcription

Back 5

cells copy the instructions in the DNA into RNA

Front 6

Translation

Back 6

the process of protein production from messenger RNA

Front 7

What are cells that divide and remin undiffentiated called?

Back 7

Stem cells

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Prokaryotic
(Bacteria)

Back 8

Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Nucleoid Plasmids, Ribosomes, Flangella

Front 9

What is the process of cell duplication when 2 daughter cells receive the exact same nuclear material as the original cell?

Back 9

Mitosis

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Cytoplasm

Back 10

rich protein fluid with gel-like consistency that houses organelles (tiny organs)

Front 11

What phase does the synthsis of new DNA occur?

Back 11

S phase (synthsis)

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Plasmids

Back 12

small portions of DNA not associated with the nuceloid

Front 13

Eukaryotic Cells
(consist of)

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plasma membrane, er mgolgi apparatus, vesicles, mitochondria, microtubles, centrosomes, Nucleus, nucleolus

Front 14

What happens in the G1 phase?

Back 14

The dna double helix unwinds and expose the bases.
Transcribing

Front 15

Plant Cell
(consist of)

Back 15

chloroplasts, vacuoles, solid cell wall, photosynthesis, mitochondria

Front 16

Bacteria

Back 16

proteins do most of the work in this type of cell.

Front 17

Golgi Apparatus

Back 17

involved in packaging and transport of proteins in the cell

Front 18

What phase of interphase includes protein synthesis and cell growth?

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G1

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Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER

Back 19

A tubular transport network within the cell

Front 20

Vessicles

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small membrane-bounded sacs within cytoplasm

Front 21

What is the process called which gametes reduce their DNA content

Back 21

meiosis

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Vacuole

Back 22

basic storage unit within the cell

Front 23

Mitoosis can occur in cells such as? (3)

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Skin
Liver
Other organs in the digestive system

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Microtubules

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cellular tracks that form the mitotic spindle

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Centrosomes

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the center that helps to for and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis

Front 26

Natural Selection

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theory that organisms with favorable traits are most successful in reproduction

Front 27

What type of cells are fertilized eggs? haploid or diploid

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Diploid

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Alleles

Back 28

two of more different forms of a certain gene

Front 29

In a diploid cell, each individual chromosome has a twin chromosome called____.

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homologous

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Mutations

Back 30

changes in DNA that affect the way a gene functions

Front 31

Adaptation

Back 31

Receive, Interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli via nervous system

Front 32

What is cytokinesis?

Back 32

Separtation of two sets of chromosomes into different cells. Then mitosis is complete.

Front 33

Nucleic Acids

Back 33

to store and transmit hereditary information

contains nucleotides: pentose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Front 34

What phase is when:
The spindle fibers form and the centrioles moves to the opposite sides of the cell. The nuclear membrane disapears.

Back 34

Mitosis

Prophase

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Pentose

Back 35

a sugar

Front 36

What phase is when:
the chromosomes begin to separate from their daughters. Cytokineses begins.

Back 36

mitosis

Anaphase

Front 37

Double Helix

Back 37

DNA- weak bonds are able to form between the hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms between bases and strands of DNA

Front 38

What phase is it when:
Identical sets of chromosomes are at the opposite ends of the cells. Spindle fibers disappear,nuclear membranes reappear, and cytokinesis completes.

Back 38

mitosis

Telophase

Front 39

Hydrogen Bond

Back 39

a weak bond.....

Front 40

What phase is it called when:
Homologous chromosomes condense and link in the process forming tetrad. This allows crossing over or recombination to occur.

Back 40

Meiosis
Prophase I

Front 41

Purines

Back 41

two rings on double helix (Adenine and Guanine)

Front 42

What phase is it called when:
Homologous chromosomes separate, but the sister chromatids stay together.

Back 42

Meiosis
Anaphase I

Front 43

Pyrimidines

Back 43

One Ring on double helix (Thymine and Cytosine and Uracil)

Front 44

What phase is called when:
Cytokinesis has occurred and two haploid daughter cells are the result

Back 44

Meiosis
Telophase I

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RNA

Back 45

A single stranded string of nucleotides

Front 46

What phase is it when:
Four haploid cells result after cytokinesis

Back 46

Meiosis
Telophase II

Front 47

Proteins

Back 47

made from ribosomes

Front 48

Transcription

Back 48

cells copy the instructions in the DNA into RNA

Front 49

Translation

Back 49

the process of protein production from messenger RNA

Front 50

Prokaryotic
(Bacteria)

Back 50

Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Nucleoid Plasmids, Ribosomes, Flangella

Front 51

Cytoplasm

Back 51

rich protein fluid with gel-like consistency that houses organelles (tiny organs)

Front 52

Double Helix

Back 52

DNA- weak bonds are able to form between the hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms between bases and strands of DNA

Front 53

Hydrogen Bond

Back 53

a weak bond.....

Front 54

Purines

Back 54

two rings on double helix (Adenine and Guanine)

Front 55

Chloroplast

Back 55

holds chlorophyll

Front 56

Vacuoles

Back 56

holds waters and helps maintain proper cell pressure

Front 57

Chromosomes

Back 57

contain genes that specifies the production of proteins

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Protein

Back 58

a chain of amino acids

Front 59

Does the moon provide its own source of energy?

Back 59

No

Front 60

Zygote

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a fertilized egg that is in the stage of dividing and consist of a mass of cells

Front 61

Do stars have an internal source of energy?

Back 61

Yes

Front 62

Stem Cells
(consist of)

Back 62

cells can divide and remain undifferentiated. ---this produces stem cells.

Front 63

What is the order of electromagnetic radiation from short to long?

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Radio waves = Rattlesnakes
Microwave = May
Infrared = Inject
Visible = Venom
Ultraviolet = Under
X-ray = Xtreme
Gamma = aGitation

Front 64

Stem Cells
(examples)

Back 64

totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent

Front 65

The visible part of the spectrum can be subdivided by color bands what are they from longet to shortest? band

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Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Ingigo
Violet

Front 66

Differentiation

Back 66

determines what cell type each cell will become

Front 67

The organic compound rich in_____ act as a major source of biomass on Earth.

Back 67

carbon

Front 68

Mitosis

Back 68

when cells copy and produce and exact 2 duplicate cells

Front 69

Interphase

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G1 and G2(cell growth) (gaps between mitosis and DNA synthesis), and S (synthesis, helix unwinds)

Front 70

Kinetic energy formula broken down.
Kinetic energy=objects motion.

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KE=mv2= 1/2 x 1kg(mass) x ____(m/s2 meters/second=velocity)=J (Joules)
(m=mass of an object v=velocity of an object)

Front 71

Gametes

Back 71

the cells that form a new organism

haploid cells

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Potiental energy (stored energy)

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PE=mgh (mass/gravitity/height)
1kg x 10m/s2 x 1m

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Diploid Cells

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two sets of chromosomes
fertilized egg is a diploid cell

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Haploid Cells

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a single set of chromosomes

Front 75

Meiosis

Back 75

the process by which gametes reduce their DNA content

Front 76

Homologous

Back 76

a twin chromosome

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Cytokinesis

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the process of separating the 2 sets of chromosomes

Front 78

Chromatids

Back 78

chromosomes attached at one spot form sister chromatids

Front 79

Photosynthesis

Back 79

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy =
(C)6(H)12(0)6 + 6(0)2

Carbon dioxide+h2o+sunlight=
Glucose + Oxygen

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Respiration

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C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

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Heterotrophs

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organisms that cannot produce their own food

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Cellular Respiration

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glucose that is broken down

Front 83

Glycolysis

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the process of transferring some energy in glucose to ATP

Front 84

Amino Acids

Back 84

the building blocks of proteins

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Genome

Back 85

a complete set of DNA for an individual that contains all genes

Front 86

Mutagen

Back 86

a substance that induces mutations

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DNA Polymerase

Back 87

an enzyme that speeds up the process of DNA synthesis and proofreads the synthesized strands

Front 88

Mismatch Repair
(if not working properly
can cause cancer)

Back 88

a backup plan; scans over DNA to find mismatched pairs

Front 89

Excision Repair
(if not working properly
can cause skin disease)

Back 89

mechanisms that inspect the DNA for types of damage and attempt to repair it

(cut out damaged strands and allow dna polymerase to replace that dna)

Front 90

Germ Cell
(reproductive cells that
give rise to sperm and ovum)

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mutations passed on to future generations

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Heterozygous

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each parent gives a different allele for a particular trait

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Homozygous

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when each parent give the same allele for a particular trait.

Front 93

Codon

Back 93

combinations of AT, CG, ---AND U... 64 codons...