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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is oxygenated blood?
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Blood that carries an abundant amount of oxygen
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What is deoxygenated blood?
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Blood that contains little oxygen
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What are gills?
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A respiratory structure in fish and other aquatic organisms; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the water
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What are lungs?
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An organ that exchanges gases between the atmosphere and the blood
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What is a diaphragm?
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The muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen in mammals and humans; aids breathing; also, the microscope part tht regulates the amount of light that passes through the specimen.
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What is the central nervous system made up of?
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The brain and the spinal cord.
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What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?
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The nerves, which branch off the central nervous system, the sensory receptors scattered throughout the frog's body, and the sensory organs.
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What is the stomach?
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A saclike portion of the digestive tract; performs mechanical and chemical digestion.
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What is the small intestine?
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The digestive organ in which most of the digestion and absorption of food occurs.
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What is the liver?
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The organ that produces bile, helps to regulate substances in the blood, and stores minerals and vitamins.
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What is the pancreas?
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An organ that secretes enzymes into the small intestine to help perform digestion; also secretes the hormone insulin into the bloodstream
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What is the large intestine?
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The part of the digestive tract that extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus; absorbs water and minerals.
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What are the kidneys?
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An organ that filters wastes from the blood.
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What is the ureter?
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The tube that carries the wastes and water filtered out of the blood to the urinary bladder.
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What is the urinary bladder?
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An organ that temporarily stores the fluid wastes from a kidney; a reservoir for urine.
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What are two materials that may form a vertebrate skeleton?
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Bone and cartilage
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What is the maximum number of heart chambers that can be found in any vertebrate heart?
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Four
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What happens to blood in gills?
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Deoxygenated blood flowing through these capillaries exchanges the carbon dioxide it has collected from the body's cells for the oxygen that is in the water. Thus, in the gills deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated blood.
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What muscle to you use to help you breathe?
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Diaphragms
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What are the two main parts of a central nervous system?
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The brain and the spinal cord.
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How does a pancreas aid digestion?
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It makes enzymes and releases them into the small intestine. These enzymes break down sugars, starches, proteins, and fats.
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What organ helps some fish maintain their position at a certain depth?
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A swim bladder
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What does a fish use its lateral line to detect?
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Vibrations and pressure
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How many chambers are in a fish's heart?
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Two
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What group of fish is the largest?
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The bony fish group (catfish, bass, flounder, goldfish, guppies, trout)
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How does the meaning of the word amphibian describe amphibians?
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Amphibians are vertebrates that usually live in water when young but can live on land as adults. The name amphibian comes from the Greek words that mean double life. This name reflects these two ways of living, in water and on land.
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Of all vertebrates, only amphibians undergo __________.
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Metamorphosis
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Besides gills and lungs, what other organ can amphibians use in gas exchange?
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Through their thin, moist skin.
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Periodic shedding of skin by reptiles is called __________?
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Molting
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What does a snake do to smell something?
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Flick its tongue
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Which of the three general kinds of turtles would you be likely to find in a desert?
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tortoises
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What is the brain?
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An organ that coordinates the bodily functions; is made of nerve tissue.
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What is an endoskeleton?
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An internal skeleton, which is usually made of cartilage and bone
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What is a sensory organ?
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An organ that consists of many sensory receptors and various tissues needed to keep the receptors functioning; the eye, ear, and similar organs
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What is the skull?
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The group of bones that cover and protect the brain
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What is the spinal cord?
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The cord of nerve tissue that conducts messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
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What is the vertebral column?
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A series of similar bones that support the body; the backbone
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What does a skull protect?
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The brain
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How does the number of heart chambers differ in the various major groups of vertebrate animals?
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They either have two, three, or four chambers
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What two gases are exchanged in gills and lungs?
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Carbon dioxide and oxygen
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From which sense organ in a frog does an auditory nerve carry impulses?
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Don't know
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What is the function of the gallbladder?
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It stores bile until it is needed
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What organ filters wastes from vertebrate blood?
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kidneys
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Of what material is a shark's skeleton composed?
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cartilage
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What organ do sharks not have that most bony fish have?
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They do not have a swim bladder to help them stay afloat
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Which group of vertebrates is the only group to undergo metamorphosis?
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Amphibians
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Why are most amphibians found near water?
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Because they usually live in water when they are young
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Name three kinds of amphibians.
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Frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts
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How are hibernation and estivation similar?
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Hibernation is the winter state of inactivity. During hibernation the animal's life processes slow, and energy supplies stored during the summer months are used up. Estivation is very similar except it occurs during hot, dry weather
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What organ does a snake use to smell
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Its tongue
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What kind of diet do snakes eat?
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They are meat eaters. They eat insect pests, rats, and mice.
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How do the hearts of alligators and crocodiles differ from those of other reptiles?
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They have four heart chambers instead of three
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