Life Origins- Midterm

Front 1

The great apes are the members of the biological family Hominidae which includes what

Back 1

Humans, Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangutans

Front 2

What is another term for Human Evolution?

Back 2

Anthropogensis

Front 3

True or False: Anthropogensis is the part of biological evolution concerning the emergence of Homo Sapien as not a distinct species from other hominans, great apes and placental mammals.

Back 3

False, They are considered as a distinct species from other hominans

Front 4

The study of human evolution encompasses many scientific disciplines, most notably

Back 4

Physical anthropology, linguistics, and genetics

Front 5

the Homo genus diverged from the _________ about 2 million years ago in ______

Back 5

Australopithecines, Africa

Front 6

Homo ______ inhabited Asia

Back 6

erectus

Front 7

Homo ______ which inhabited Europe

Back 7

neanderthalensis

Front 8

What become the missing link between apes and humans?

Back 8

Java Man

Front 9

what does a Java Man consist of?

Back 9

A skullcap, a femur, and three teeth and a great deal in IMAGINATION

Front 10

True or False, in reality the Java man is little more than speculation fueled by evolutionary expectation of what he 'should' have look like IF Darwinism were true

Back 10

True

Front 11

True or False: Time magazine as recently as 1994 disregards Java man is a legitimate evolutionary ancestor

Back 11

False, very much regards him as a legitimate evolutionary ancestor

Front 12

Who said this quote "One of the major problems with paleoanthropology is that compared to all the fossils we have, only a minuscule number are believed to be of creatures ancestral to humans"

Back 12

Well (Case of a Creator)

Front 13

Why is the Java man not a good theory?

Back 13

Because it is hard to make conculsions based on this little evidence of a skullcap, three teeth and a femur.

Front 14

Who said the following quote "The intervals of time that separate fossils are so huge that we cannot say anything definite about their possible connection through ancestory and descent."

Back 14

Henry Gee from Icons of Evolution

Front 15

True or False: Each fossils is more like an 'isolated point' with no way of knowing the connection to any other given fossil

Back 15

True

Front 16

True or False: One can argue that human evolution as presented by science (from 5-10 million years ago) is itself a human invention created after the fact to shape our own human prejudices of how we came to exist

Back 16

true

Front 17

Why do people assume that fossils support human evolution?

Back 17

Because they have assumed that Darwin was correct and used that reasoning to extrapolate that humans also come from common descent.

Front 18

True or False: It is possible to reconstruct human evolutionary history based on looking at the fossils we have

Back 18

False, not because there is no way to experimental test this hypothesis

Front 19

What does Darwinist do to argue that evolution is the way life began?

Back 19

They plug FOSSILS into a preexisting narrative where it seems to FIT

Front 20

Anthropologist are both _____ & ______ in their approach to the problems they address in science

Back 20

Political & Subjective

Front 21

what is the mammalian order of Primates?

Back 21

1. Lemurs
2. Tarsiers
3. Monkeys
4. Apes (includes humans)

Front 22

True or False, the mammalian order of Primate of Apes includes humans

Back 22

true

Front 23

True or False: Ape hand and Human hand are similar

Back 23

True, but there are differences

Front 24

What is the difference between a Human Hand and an Ape Hand

Back 24

Humans have more precise manipulation of the hand then other primates, all this ability goes along with excellent hand-eye coordination

Front 25

True or false: All primates have a big toes that is widely separated from the other toes

Back 25

False, not HUMANS

Front 26

True or False: Both humans and apes have a chin and a protruding nose

Back 26

False, apes do not

Front 27

True or False: Apes have a relatively long arms, short and a tail

Back 27

False, NO tail

Front 28

____ means apes that spend most of their time in trees and bushes.

Back 28

Arboreal

Front 29

all nonhuman apes spend time in trees, only _____ & ____ are primary arboreal

Back 29

gibbons & orangutans

Front 30

True or False: Humans are the only primates that weep/cry

Back 30

True

Front 31

True or False: both apes and humans can consciously hold their breath

Back 31

False, apes cannot

Front 32

True or False: The two genomes are 98% identical between chimps and humans

Back 32

True

Front 33

True or False: A 1% difference in the genome is not a huge part.

Back 33

False, a small number of genes can have a large effect - 3 billion base pairs!

Front 34

True or False: it is the junk DNA that makes a big difference in what makes a human a human

Back 34

True

Front 35

HAR1 most likely encodes protein, true or false?

Back 35

False, HAR1 does not encode protein but mostly RNA

Front 36

How does the brain differ CONSIDERABLY from the chimp?

Back 36

size, organization and complexity, among other traits

Front 37

Define HAR1

Back 37

Human Accelerated Region 1

Front 38

where is HAR1 active?

Back 38

in the cerebral cortex which is the wrinkles outermost region of the brain

Front 39

True or False: humans and chimps have a smaller difference in base pairs, then chickens and chimps

Back 39

False, Chicken and Chimps have only 2 differences while Humans and Chimps have 18 differences.

Front 40

which gene ins involved with speech?

Back 40

FOXP2

Front 41

If there are _____ people are unable to produce normal speech.

Back 41

mutations

Front 42

True or False: in FOXP2 gene in comparison of chimps and humans reveals 2 base pairs substitutions that alter the protein

Back 42

True

Front 43

What makes human language different from vocal communication of other species?

Back 43

Cognitive Ability

Front 44

True or false: Primates generally have a larger brain than would be expected for their body size

Back 44

True, even more so for HUMANS

Front 45

What is the best-studied example if what determines brain size is a gene called what?

Back 45

ASPM

Front 46

True or False: people with microcephaly have a brain size reduced to 80% of normals

Back 46

False, 70%

Front 47

True or False: Humans have a slight different ASPM activity compared to chimps

Back 47

False, DRASTICALLY different

Front 48

True or False: Most the of regions of the genome do encode for proteins or RNA

Back 48

False, DO NOT

Front 49

What do most the regions of the genome do?

Back 49

They appear to regulate sequence that tell nearby genes when to turn on or off

Front 50

True or False: More than half of the genes located near HARs are involved in brain development and function

Back 50

True

Front 51

____ points to morphological changes in the human hand

Back 51

HAR2

Front 52

True or False: Freedom is the absence of Restriction

Back 52

False, modern day thinking

Front 53

Freedom is the presence of the right boundaries/restrictions which are the ones that fit in with your nature. True or False

Back 53

True

Front 54

What do most people argue that God has done to freedom?

Back 54

That he sent down his list of things to do and not to do. We give up our freedom by obeying and ultimately it is dehumanizing

Front 55

Freedom is _____

Back 55

Complex

Front 56

In the view from the word what is freedom?

Back 56

There is no overarching purpose for which we were created. True freedom to create your own meaning and purpose

Front 57

Who said the following quote, "Only science archieves truth. Everything else is mere belief and opinion... if something cannot be quantified or tested by the scientific method (then) it cannot be true or rational."

Back 57

JP Moreland

Front 58

Who said the following quote "(Science) is the only begetter of truth."

Back 58

Richard Lewontin

Front 59

Who said the following quote, "Ironically, to say that science is the only begetter of truth is self-contradicting, because that statement in itself cannot be tested by the scientific method. It's a self-defeating philosophical assumption"

Back 59

Stephen Meyer

Front 60

Where does freedom come from?

Back 60

Truth

Front 61

Does society view freedom as coming from truth?

Back 61

no, they think that if you have to comply with the truth than it is the lack of freedom

Front 62

True or False: According to Jesus, Foucault, Nietzsche all truth claims are power-plays

Back 62

False, not ALL but some claim that truth claims are ways to get power and ways to justify yourself to get control over other people.

Front 63

Who said "The 'see through' all things is the same as not to see."

Back 63

C.S. Lewis

Front 64

True or False: everyone believes that Darwinian evolutionary theory and God's creation theory are incompatible?

Back 64

False, not everyone

Front 65

True or False: Darwinism is an evolutionary process that by definition is undirected or has no orchestrator of events

Back 65

True

Front 66

True or False, The Bible gives details of the creation process.

Back 66

False

Front 67

How did God created everything?

Back 67

One of life's mysteries

Front 68

How did Darwin give biology a scientific basis to attribute the diversity of life to the natural rather than supernatural?

Back 68

By eliminating a plan or purpose

Front 69

Do Christians claim that God is hidden and uninvolved?

Back 69

No, they claim that his qualities "have been clearly seen... from what has been made." (Romans 1:20)

Front 70

who said that "man is the result of a purposeless and natural process that did not have him in mind"

Back 70

George Gaylord

Front 71

True or False: Putting GOd into the mix puts someone in control and takes natural selection off the front burner

Back 71

True

Front 72

True or False: The whole point if Darwinism is to not show that there is no need for a supernatural creator, because nature cannot do the creating by itself"

Back 72

False, he states that does show that and that nature does create itself

Front 73

science truth claims are about a world that "____" and "_____ _ ____"

Back 73

purposeless, void of meaning

Front 74

True or False: Self-recognition, it has been argued, is a hallmark of advanced cognitive abilities in animals.

Back 74

True

Front 75

At what age do humans pass the 'mirror test"

Back 75

at 18 months old

Front 76

______ _____ is a term used in anthropolgy, archeology, and sociology yo refer to a list of traits that distinguish present day humans and their recent ancestors from both living primates and other extinct hominid lineages

Back 76

Behavioral modernity

Front 77

Behavior modernity is the point at which Homo Sapiens began to demonstrate a reliance on abstract thought and to express cultural creativity. True or False

Back 77

True

Front 78

True or False: The development of abstract thought are often thought to be associated with the origin of thoughts

Back 78

False, the origin of LANGUAGE

Front 79

What theory holds that behavioral modernity occurred as a sudden event some 50,000 years ago possibly as a result of a major genetic mutation or as a result of a biological reorganization of the brain.

Back 79

The Great Leap Forward or Paleolithic Revolution

Front 80

What theory that there are never any single technological or cognitive revolution

Back 80

GRADUAL accumulation of knowledge, skill and culture occurring over 100,000 years of human evolution.

Front 81

who is a proponent of the gradual accumulation of cognitive ability theory

Back 81

Stephen Oppenheimer in his book OUT OF EDEN

Front 82

Modern human behavior is observed in ______ universals which are the key elements shared by all groups of people throughout the history of man.

Back 82

Cultural

Front 83

_____ _____ hold that no single genetic or biological change is responsible for the appearance of modern behavior. They conted that modern human behavior is the result of sociocultural and or sociobiological evolution occurring over hundred of thousands of years

Back 83

continuity hypothesis

Front 84

True or False: scientists have found a correlation between absolute or relative brain size and keenness among humans and other animal species

Back 84

False, they have FAILED to find that

Front 85

True or False: The insulation around nerves in the human brain in thinner than that of other species, enabling the nerves to conduct signals more rapidly

Back 85

False, they are THICKER not thinner

Front 86

True or False: some suggest that human intelligence is best likened to an upgrade of the cognitive capacities of nonhuman primates rather than an exceptionally advanced form of cognition.

Back 86

True

Front 87

True or False: Larger brains do not automatically have more neurons; in fact, neuronal density generally decreases with increasing brain size because of the additional glial cells and blood vessels needed to support a big brain.

Back 87

True

Front 88

The human brain's has a high ____ density

Back 88

neuronal

Front 89

the thicker the _____ sheath is the ____ the electrical impulses

Back 89

myelin, faster

Front 90

True or false: After years of training, none of these creatures develops verbal skills more advanced than those of a five-year-old child

Back 90

False, than of a THREE-year-old child

Front 91

The timing corresponds with the development of Broca's speech are in the ______ ____ lobe, which may be UNIQUE TO HUMANS

Back 91

LEFT FRONTAL

Front 92

True or False: other primates besides humans contain complex grammar

Back 92

False, humans are the only ones

Front 93

True or False: Darwin stated that species do not have fluidity and natural selection could exploit that fluidity and drive large-scale evolutionary change

Back 93

False, stated that there IS fluidity

Front 94

True or False: Edward Blyth saw natural selection is an unconservative force for maintaining species

Back 94

False, as a CONSERVATIVE

Front 95

True or False: Byth claimed that species varied within settled boundaries and natural selection was merely a regulator that kept species within those boundaries

Back 95

True

Front 96

True or False: Before Darwin most scientist believed in design and saw species as essentially unfixed

Back 96

False, FIXED

Front 97

True or False, blending produces sameness, not differences. Does not do nothing to explain how variation works

Back 97

True

Front 98

"_______" or "______ ____ __" defined as all parent cells take part in forming the new individual (not how it works)

Back 98

Pangenesis, Origin from all

Front 99

who proposed that a population is necessary limited by the means of subsistence

Back 99

Thomas Malthus

Front 100

What is neo-darwinism?

Back 100

Integrating Mendel's theory into the theory of natural selection given by Darwin

Front 101

Mendelian Genetics is based on unstable traits. True or False?

Back 101

False, based on Stable traits, which gives a problem to neo-darwinism, because something cannot be stable in order for it to change/evolve

Front 102

Microevolution is where stable traits are either expressed or suppressed which gives diversification within a given species. True or False

Back 102

True

Front 103

Macroevolution requires wholesale changes in physical and behavioral characteristics of organisms with decreasing biological complexity in each generation required to produce new types of organisms. True or False

Back 103

False, INCREASING biological complexity

Front 104

What happens in Natural Selection?

Back 104

the environment replaces the animal breed & becomes the selection process.

Front 105

True or False: Mutations create new alleles

Back 105

True

Front 106

Most mutations in a biological sense are not harmful, true or false?

Back 106

False, they are HARMFUL