Life-Anatomy&phys Qtr 1 Practice ?s Exam 2

Front 1

The outer portion of the pericardium is the

Back 1

fibrous pericardium

Front 2

The layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the myocardium is called

Back 2

Endocardium

Front 3

Cardiac muscle fibers are connected with each other by

Back 3

intercalated discs

Front 4

The portion of the heart that consists of cardiac muscle tissue is the

Back 4

Myocardium

Front 5

Which portion of the heart has the thickest myocardium

Back 5

left ventricle

Front 6

Blood transported by the pulmonary veins returns to the

Back 6

left atrium

Front 7

The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right wall because it

Back 7

pumps the blood to the entire body

Front 8

The left ventricle pumps the blood into the

Back 8

ascending aorta

Front 9

Which blood vessel delivers blood to the right atrium?

Back 9

vena cava

Front 10

The blood vessel that carries blood highest in oxygen is the

Back 10

pulmonary vein

Front 11

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the

Back 11

bicupsid valve

Front 12

The valve between the left ventricle and the blood vessel leaving the left ventricle is the

Back 12

aortic semilunar valve

Front 13

The blood vessel that collects deoxygenated blood of the coronary circulation and empties into the right atrium is the

Back 13

coronary sinus

Front 14

Death of an area of cardiac tissue due to an interrupted blood supply is called

Back 14

mycardial infarction

Front 15

The blood supply to the myocardial wall off the heart is supplied by the

Back 15

coronary arteries

Front 16

The normal pacemaker of the heart is/are the

Back 16

sinoatrial node

Front 17

Representation of the correct sequence of structures in the cardiac conduction system

Back 17

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

Front 18

The P Wave of an ECG indicates

Back 18

atrial depolarization

Front 19

Atrial repolarization is indicated by the

Back 19

?????????/

Front 20

Correct order of ECG waves

Back 20

P, QRS, T

Front 21

At rest each cardiac cycle lasts approximately ____ seconds

Back 21

0.8

Front 22

The remaining 25% of the blood that fills the ventricles after the relaxation period occurs during

Back 22

atrial systole

Front 23

Closing of the AV valves produces the

Back 23

first heard sound (lubb)

Front 24

Heart murmurs are usually the result of defective

Back 24

valves

Front 25

The cardiac output is

Back 25

the milliliters of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle

Front 26

The cardiovascular center is located in the

Back 26

medulla oblongata

Front 27

What will cause an increase in the rate of the heartbeat

Back 27

Norepinephrine

Front 28

Changes in the blood pressure are detected by

Back 28

baroreceptors

Front 29

Impulses carried by means of the vagus nerve are

Back 29

parasympathetic impulses that decrease the heart rate

Front 30

The average heartbeat of a healthy human is

Back 30

75 beats per minute

Front 31

The study of the heart and diseases associated with it is known as

Back 31

Cardiology

Front 32

The bulk of the heart consists of

Back 32

Myocardium

Front 33

The two upper chambers of the heart are separated from each other by the

Back 33

interatrial septum

Front 34

What are the risk factors for the development of heart disease

Back 34

high blood pressure
diabetes mellitus
genetic predispositon

Front 35

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the

Back 35

tricuspid valve

Front 36

When blood moves from an atrium to a ventricle

Back 36

the valve is pushed open
the papillary muscles relax
the corordae tendinae slacken

Front 37

Parasympathetic neurons reach the heart via the _____ cranial nerve

Back 37

X

Front 38

A fluttering of the heart is called

Back 38

Palpitation

Front 39

Blood from which three vessels enters the right atrium

Back 39

The superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus

Front 40

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which

Back 40

Fatty deposits called plaques partially block the arteries

Front 41

Why is the right ventricle wall thinner than the left ventricle?

Back 41

-the left ventricle has to pump blood further
-if the right pumped as hard as the left, the lungs would burst

Front 42

What does not regulate stroke volume?

Back 42

age

Front 43

What does regulate stroke volume?

Back 43

-degree of stretch in the heart
-Starling's law
-Force of contraction
-pressure required and the opening of the valves

Front 44

Pulmonary edema results from

Back 44

Congestive heart failure

Front 45

The increase in blood pressure during exercise could

Back 45

cause unstable plaque in a blood vessel to rupture triggering the clotting process

Front 46

During strenuous exercise, a well trained athlete can achieve a cardiac output ____ that of a sedentary person.

Back 46

double

Front 47

Fluid compressing the heart causes a life threatening condition called

Back 47

cardiac tamponade

Front 48

CAD stands for

Back 48

coronary artery disease

Front 49

The "good" chemical that takes cholesterol to the liver for elimination is

Back 49

Low density lipoproteins

Front 50

T/F

All arteries contain oxygenated blood, and all veins contain non-oxygenated blood.

Back 50

falst

Front 51

T/F

Atrioventricular valves are held closed by chordae tendinae and papillary muscles.

Back 51

true

Front 52

T/F

The heart valves prevent the backflow of blood during the cardiac cycle.

Back 52

True

Front 53

T/F

The autonomic nervous system initiates the contraction of the heart

Back 53

Falst

Front 54

T/F

Malfunctioning heart valves is called myocardial infarction.

Back 54

False

Front 55

T/F

Blood flow through the heart is caused by changes in the size of the chambers

Back 55

True

Front 56

T/F

The atria receive the blood returning to the heart.

Back 56

True

Front 57

T/F

Acetylcholine released by the parasympathetic fibers increases the rate of the heartbeat.

Back 57

False

Front 58

T/F

Elevated levels of potassium decrease the heart rate and strength of the contraction

Back 58

True

Front 59

T/F

The rate of the heartbeat stays constant throughout life.

Back 59

False

Front 60

T/F

Exercise increases cardiac efficiency and output.

Back 60

True

Front 61

T/F

Oxygen is sent to the myocardium first through the cardiac arteries.

Back 61

False

Front 62

T/F

In general, heart attack risk is low for those who exercise regularly and higher for those who do not

Back 62

True

Front 63

T/F

Any irregular heart rhythm is an arrhythmia

Back 63

True

Front 64

T/F Ischemia, hypoxia, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction all results from a lack of oxygen to the heart tissue

Back 64

True

Front 65

T/F

There is evidence from heart transplants that there is replacement of heart cells.

Back 65

True

Front 66

T/F

The beginning of an atherosclerotic plaque is a fatty streak formed from magrophages eating LDL particles and T cells

Back 66

True

Front 67

The inner visceral layer of the pericardium is also called the _____

Back 67

epicardium

Front 68

The scientific study of the normal heart and the diseases associated with it is ____

Back 68

cardiology

Front 69

The space between the parietal and visceral pericardial membranes is the ______

Back 69

Pericardial cavity

Front 70

Inflammation of the pericardium is called ____

Back 70

pericarditis

Front 71

The thickenings of the sarcolemma that connect the cardiac muscle fibers are ____

Back 71

Intercalated discs

Front 72

The backflow of blood through an incompletely closed valve is called _____

Back 72

Regurgitation

Front 73

The pouchlike structure on the anterior surface of each atrium is called ____-

Back 73

Auricle

Front 74

The right ventricle pumps blood into the -___

Back 74

Pulmonary trunk

Front 75

The coronary arteries originate as branches of the ____

Back 75

ascending aorta

Front 76

The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the ___ valve.

Back 76

tricuspid

Front 77

The large vein in the back of the heart collecting deoxygenated blood is the ____

Back 77

coronary sinus

Front 78

The structure that pics up an action potential from the SA node is/are the ___

Back 78

AV node

Front 79

The medical term for heart attack is __ ___

Back 79

myocardial infarction

Front 80

A recording of the electrical changes that accompany the heartbeat is called a/an ___

Back 80

Electrocardiogram

Front 81

The spread of the action potential through the ventricles is recorded as the ___ wave of an ECG

Back 81

QRS

Front 82

The specialized tissue capable of conducting action potentials and allowing the heart to beat without direct stimulus from the nervous system is the ____

Back 82

conduction system

Front 83

Contraction of the heart muscle is referred to as _____

Back 83

systole

Front 84

Heart sounds are produced by the _____ of the AV valves and the semilunar valves.

Back 84

closing

Front 85

The amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during each contraction is called the ____

Back 85

stroke volume

Front 86

the ___ law of the heart explains the relationship between the stretching of the ventricular wall and the contraction strength

Back 86

Starling's

Front 87

A general term referring to an irregularity in the rhythm of the heart is ____

Back 87

Arrhythmia

Front 88

A procedure that is used to visualize the coronary arteries, chambers, valves, and great vessels is _____

Back 88

Cardiac Catheterization

Front 89

The neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic fibers that increase the rate of the heart is ____

Back 89

norepinephrine

Front 90

An incomplete closure of the interventricular septum causes ____

Back 90

interventricular septal defect

Front 91

A defect that exists at birth, and usually before, is called a/an ____

Back 91

congenital defect

Front 92

The pacemaker of the heart

Back 92

SA node

Front 93

Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Back 93

Tricuspid valve

Front 94

located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Back 94

Bicuspid valve

Front 95

Emerge from the bundle branches

Back 95

Purkinji fibers

Front 96

Consists of cardiac muscle tissue

Back 96

myocardium

Front 97

The external layer of the heart wall

Back 97

epicardium

Front 98

Contraction of the heart chambers

Back 98

systole

Front 99

relaxation of the heart chambers

Back 99

diastole

Front 100

blood vessel associated with the left ventricle

Back 100

aorta

Front 101

Blood vessel associated with the right ventricle

Back 101

pulmonary trunk

Front 102

Phases of the cardiac cycle

Back 102

Relaxation period, ventricular filling, and ventricular systole

Front 103

The smallest type of blood vessels are

Back 103

capillaries

Front 104

The endothelium consists of

Back 104

simple squamous epithelium

Front 105

The two main methods of capillary exchange are

Back 105

diffusion and bulk flow

Front 106

Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue is the function of the

Back 106

capillaries

Front 107

Venous return is due to

Back 107

--contraction of the heart
--skeletal muscle pump
--respiratory pump

Front 108

Blood vessels that are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells and basement membrane are

Back 108

Capillaries

Front 109

Venules ... ...

Back 109

--small veins
--collect blood from capillaries
--drain into veins
--are similar in structure to arterioles

Front 110

What blood vessels are referred to as blood reservoirs

Back 110

veins

Front 111

blood pressure is highest in the

Back 111

artieries

Front 112

Resistance is related to

Back 112

--blood viscosity
--blood vessel length
--blood vessel radius

Front 113

What regulates blood pressure

Back 113

--baroreceptor reflexes
--chemoreceptor reflexes
--carotid bodies

Front 114

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Back 114

--is released by cells of the heart
--lowers blood pressure

Front 115

Symptoms of shock

Back 115

--increased levels of aldosterone
--rapid, resting heart rate
--cool, pale skin
--sweating

Front 116

increases blood pressure

Back 116

--increased cardiac rate
--increased peripheral resistance
--increased blood volume
--increased water retention

Front 117

Peripheral resistance

Back 117

increases as blood viscosity increases

Front 118

The cardiovascular center is located in the

Back 118

medulla oblongata

Front 119

sympathetic stimulation results in

Back 119

--vasodilation
--increase in blood pressure

Front 120

Baroreceptors are located in the

Back 120

aorta and internal carotid arteries

Front 121

neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic bodies are

Back 121

chemoreceptors

Front 122

Hormones that influence blood pressure

Back 122

ADH
Epinephrine
norepinephrine
renin
ANP

Front 123

Cause an INCREASE in blood pressure

Back 123

ANP

Front 124

What type of blood vessel would have the greatest resistance to blood flow?

Back 124

a long, small diameter blood vessel

Front 125

the movement of blood from the abdominal veins into the thoracic veins is mostly due to

Back 125

pressure difference between the abdominal and thoracic cavity

Front 126

Blood vessels that are commonly used to feel the pulse rate

Back 126

--Radial artery
--brachial artery
--popliteal artery
--common carotid artery

Front 127

The pulse is a direct reflection of the

Back 127

heart rate

Front 128

the diastolic blood pressure

Back 128

provides information about the resistance of blood vessels

Front 129

Pulmonary circulation can be described as...

Back 129

right ventricle to left atrium

Front 130

the blood vessels containing blood with the highest oxygen contents are the

Back 130

pulmonary veins

Front 131

All systemic blood vessels branch from the

Back 131

Aorta

Front 132

The circulatory route which bring blood to the tissues and back to the heart is the

Back 132

systemic circulation

Front 133

The common carotid is part of the

Back 133

cerebral circulation

Front 134

The blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is carried by the

Back 134

hepatic circulation

Front 135

changes in the cardiovascular system related to the aging process

Back 135

--reduced cardiac output
--increased systolic blood pressure
--decreased maximum heart rate

Front 136

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of two organ systems that are non-functional. These organ systems are

Back 136

respiratory and digestive systems

Front 137

Which arteries directly branch from the abdominal aorta

Back 137

--common iliac
--celiac trunk
--superior mesenteric
--renal

Front 138

the direct continuation of the brachial artery is the

Back 138

radial artery

Front 139

the main vein draining blood from the heart tissue is the

Back 139

coronary sinus

Front 140

the external jugular veins empty into the

Back 140

subclavian veins

Front 141

the formation of new blood vessels is referred to as

Back 141

angiogenesis

Front 142

Where is blood flow the slowest?

Back 142

veins

Front 143

Arteries are ____ than veins.

Back 143

stronger

Front 144

Veins have ____, while most arteries do not.

Back 144

valves

Front 145

Veins are ___ in diameter than arteries

Back 145

larger

Front 146

Arteries have ________blood pressure than veins

Back 146

higher

Front 147

Blood flow through a particular tissue area is controlled by

Back 147

constriction of the precapillary sphincter of the arterioles

Front 148

How is blood mainly moved through the veins?

Back 148

by changes in local muscle tissue and thoracic pressure

Front 149

Sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs

Back 149

right atrium -->right ventricle-->pulmonary trunk

Front 150

gases and nutrients leave the blood at the

Back 150

arteriole end of the capillaries

Front 151

Blood flow from the heart to the lungs is called

Back 151

the pulmonary circuit

Front 152

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which

Back 152

the arteries are 'hardened" by deposits within the wall

Front 153

Most commonly found in elderly

Back 153

--CAD
--CHF
--Atherosclerosis
--decreased blood flow to the brain

Front 154

Chronically high blood pressure is called

Back 154

hypertension

Front 155

What will help prevent hypertension and lower blood pressure

Back 155

--don't smoke
--reduce intake of sodium
--exercise
--reduce or manage stress

Front 156

A thin, weakened section of an artery or vein that bulges out is called an

Back 156

aneurysm

Front 157

Sympathetic stimulation causes

Back 157

vasoconstriction

Front 158

Leaky valves cause

Back 158

varicose veins

Front 159

____ _____ refers to the amount of blood that passes through a blood vessel in a given period of time

Back 159

blood flow

Front 160

____ _____refers to the resistance to blood flow in the peripheral circulation

Back 160

Vascular Resistance

Front 161

____ _____ via the vagus nerve causes a decrease in heart rate

Back 161

parasympathetic stimulation

Front 162

____ of blood flow depends on the cross-sectional area of the blood vessel

Back 162

velocity

Front 163

___ ____ contractions help return venous blood.

Back 163

Skeletal muscle

Front 164

Arteries and veins have several layers including 2 ___ ____, a layer of ___ ____, and a smooth ____ _____ for efficient blood flow and to prevent clotting.

Back 164

Connective tissue
smooth muscle
endothelium lining

Front 165

The muscle lining is ____ in the arteries than i is in the veins.

Back 165

thicker

Front 166

The major factor that moves blood through the body is ___ _____ in the blood vessels between when it leaves the heart and as it returns.

Back 166

pressure differences

Front 167

____ ____ is the higher number because it is the pressure in the arteries when the _____ are contacting.

Back 167

Systolic pressure
ventricles

Front 168

__ ___ is lower but it is a _____ pressure because the ____ are relaxed.

Back 168

Diastolic pressure
constant
ventricles

Front 169

___ ___ ____ is the leading cause of heart disease and death in older Americans.

Back 169

Coronary artery disease

Front 170

___ ___ is a large decrease in blood pressure caused by a person standing up.

Back 170

Orthostatic hypotension

Front 171

Arterioles within a tissue or organ branch into countless microscopic vessels called

Back 171

capillaries

Front 172

The movement of water and solutes out of capillaries into the interstitial fluid is called

Back 172

filtration

Front 173

the movement of water and solutes from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries is called

Back 173

reabsorption

Front 174

An increase in the size of blood vessel lumen is referred to as

Back 174

vasodilatation

Front 175

The blood flow in capillaries is regulated by smooth muscle fibers called the

Back 175

pericapillary sphincter

Front 176

Chemoreceptors that are sensitive to carbon dioxide levels are found in the carotid and ____ bodies

Back 176

aortic

Front 177

Veins that lose their elasticity and becomes stretched and flabby are called ____ veins.

Back 177

varicose

Front 178

What hydrostatic pressure in capillaries is higher than osmotic pressure, ____ occurs

Back 178

filtration

Front 179

As blood flows from the heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries, its velocity ___

Back 179

decreases

Front 180

The alternate expansion and recoiling of an artery with each contraction of the left ventricle is called ___

Back 180

pulse

Front 181

The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called

Back 181

Sphygmomanometer

Front 182

The alternate expansion and recoiling of an artery with each contraction of the left ventricle is called

Back 182

pulse

Front 183

Sweating during shock is due to ___ stimulation

Back 183

symphathetic

Front 184

The section between the diaphragm and the common iliac arteries is referred to as the

Back 184

abdominal aorta

Front 185

The blood vessel emerging from the right ventricle is the

Back 185

pulmonary trunk

Front 186

A small artery is called an

Back 186

arteriole

Front 187

Blood flow from the left ventricle to the right atrium is the ___ circulation

Back 187

systemic

Front 188

the abdominal aorta branches into the

Back 188

common iliac arteries

Front 189

The cerebral circulation is a subdivision of the ____ circulation

Back 189

systemic

Front 190

All veins of the systemic circulation flow into either the superior or inferior vena cava or the

Back 190

coronary sinus

Front 191

The two pumps which help to return the blood to the heart are the skeletal muscle pump and the ____ pump

Back 191

respiratory

Front 192

The hormone released by cells of the kidneys in a response to decreased blood volume or flow is

Back 192

renin

Front 193

Refers to rapid heart rate

Back 193

tachycardia

Front 194

indicates a slow heart rate

Back 194

bradycardia

Front 195

low blood pressure

Back 195

hypotension

Front 196

high blood pressure

Back 196

hypertension

Front 197

inflammation of an artery

Back 197

arteries

Front 198

inflammation of a vein

Back 198

phlebitis

Front 199

inflammation of a vein with clot formation

Back 199

thrombophlebitis

Front 200

The obstruction of a blood vessel lumen

Back 200

occlusion

Front 201

a temporary cessation of consciousness

Back 201

syncope

Front 202

Systemic circulation

Back 202

left ventricle---ascending aorta---arch of the aorta---descending aorta---thoracic aorta---abdominal aorta---organs and tissues---inferior and superior vena cava---right atrium