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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mediate Inference
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2 premises leads to conclusion.
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Immediate Inference
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1 premise leads to conclusion.
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Major Term
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- Predicate of conclusion.
- Also in major premise. |
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Minor Term
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- Subject of conclusion.
- Also in minor premise. |
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Middle Term
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- In both premises but not the conclusion.
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Standard Form
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- Major premise first, minor premise second, conclusion last.
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Syllogism
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- Exactly 2 premises & a conclusion.
- Exactly 3 terms (major, minor, middle). |
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Mood
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- Form of the major premise, form of minor premise, form of conclusion, in that order.
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Figure
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- Indicate the position of the middle term.
- Order is always from P to M to M to S. |
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Distribution of Terms
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A: DU
E: DD I: UU O: UD |
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Distributed vs. Undistributed
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- Distribution means all members of a class while undistributed means some members of the class.
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Rules for Syllogistic Validity: Terms
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- There must be exactly three unambiguous categorical terms.
- Violation: Fallacy of four terms (quaternio terminorum). |
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Rules for Syllogistic Validity: Middle Term
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- The middle term must be distributed in at least one premise.
- Violation: Fallacy of the undistributed middle. |
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Rules for Syllogistic Validity: Distribution
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- Any term distributed in the conclusion must also be distributed in its premise.
- Violation #1: Fallacy of the illicit major. - Violation #2: Fallacy of the illicit minor. |
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Rules for Syllogistic Validity: Affirmative Premises
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- At least one premise must be affirmative.
- Violation: The fallacy of exclusive premises. |
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Rules for Syllogistic Validity: Negative Premises
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- If either premise is negative, the conclusion must also be negative.
- Violation: the fallacy of drawing an affirmative conclusion from negative premises. |
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Rules for Syllogistic Validity: Universal Premises
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- If both premises are universal, then the conclusion must also be universal.
- Violation: Existential Fallacy |
