L/g Roots & Vocab Wk7

Front 1

coni-

Back 1

cone

Front 2

contra-

Back 2

against

Front 3

corp-

Back 3

body

Front 4

cosmo-

Back 4

world;order;form

Front 5

cotyl-

Back 5

cup

Front 6

counter-

Back 6

against

Front 7

crypt-

Back 7

hidden; covered

Front 8

-cule; -culus

Back 8

added to nouns to form diminutive

Front 9

cucmul-

Back 9

heaped

Front 10

cuti-

Back 10

skin

Front 11

cyan-

Back 11

dark blue

Front 12

-cycle ; cyci-

Back 12

ring; circle

Front 13

auxotroph

Back 13

a nutritional mutant that is unable to synthesize and that cannot grow on media lacking certain essential molecules normally synthesized by wild-type strains of the same species

Front 14

deoxyribose

Back 14

The sugar component of DNA, having one less hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar component of RNA

Front 15

ribose

Back 15

The sugar component of RNA

Front 16

uracil

Back 16

a pyrimidine base, one of the four bases in RNA in which it pairs with thymine

Front 17

transcription

Back 17

The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template

Front 18

Messenger RNA

Back 18

A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, which attaches to ribosome in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.

Front 19

translation

Back 19

The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of “language” from nucleotides to amino acids.

Front 20

RNA processing

Back 20

Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus, a process unique to eukaryotes.

Front 21

Triplet Code

Back 21

A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains.

Front 22

codons

Back 22

A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code

Front 23

reading frame

Back 23

the way a cell’s mRNA-translating machinery groups the mRNA nucleotides into codons

Front 24

RNA Polymerase

Back 24

an enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription

Front 25

Transcription Unit

Back 25

a region of DNA that is transcribed to produce a single primary RNA transcript

Front 26

promoters

Back 26

a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA

Front 27

transcription factors

Back 27

a regulatory protein that binds to DNA and stimulates transcription of specific genes

Front 28

Transfer RNA

Back 28

an RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA

Front 29

Anticodon

Back 29

a specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.

Front 30

Ribosomal RNA

Back 30

the most abundant type of RNA, which together with proteins, forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons

Front 31

polyribosomes

Back 31

an aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule

Front 32

signal sequence

Back 32

the end terminal sequence of a secreted protein, which is required for transport through the cell membrane