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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Disease of_____
2.2nd peak in_____ 3.Amount of lymphoblast in blood and in bone marrow 4.WBC amt 5.platelet and granulocyte ? 6.Cytochemical stain? |
1.children (2 to 10 years)
2.elderly 3.> 30% 4. >100,000/mm3 but 50% have normal or low WBC 5.decreased 6. PAS (+) positive |
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ALL Subclassifications
1.FAB L1 (2 desc.) 2.FAB L2 (1 desc.) 3. FAB L3 (4 desc.) |
1.FAB L1:small lymphoblasts, most common(71% of ALL)
2.FAB L2: large lymhoblasts (2nd most common) 3.FAB L3: leukemic conversion of Burkitt's Lymphoma; very basophilic cytoplasms; "punched-out" vacuoles, TdT (=) negative. |
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
1. common/uncommon type of leukemia? 2.usually occurs in _____ 3.men vs women occurance 4._____of B-cell leukemias |
1.most common
2.older adults (>40 years of age) 3.men more often than women 4.95% of B-cell leukemias |
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Myeloproliferative Disorders
1.Clonal disorder of______ 2.Classifications: (3 answers) 3.Name the Diseases included in this category |
1.Hematopoeitic stem cells
2.acute:acute non-lymphocytic leukemia subacute:myelodysplastic syndromes chronic:myeloproliferative disorders 3.CML Polycythemia Vera PV Essential(primary)thrombosis ET Agnogentic myeloid metaplasia |
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Characterististics of myeloproliferative disorders
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Panhyperplasia of bone marrow
Extramedullary hematopoesis Bone Marrow fibrosis Increased Megakaryocytes- abnormal in bone marrow Platelet Dysfunction Chromosomal abnormalities |
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Polycythemia vera
vs. Secondary Polycythemia |
1.malignant inc. in red cell mass vs. due to hypoxia
2.Increased granulocytes and platelets (>400,000) vs. NORMAL granulocytes and platelets 3.Normal O2 sat vs. DECREASED O2 sat 4.Increased LAP vs. normal LAP |
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Relative Erythrocytosis
1.Decreased in ____ 2. Normal in_____(3 answers) 3.Give 2 groups of people |
1.plasma volume -elevated hematrocrit;normal rbc mass
2.O2 sat;EPO;granulocytes and platelets 3.dehydrated; asyptomatic middle-aged WM (hypertensive, obese, long history of heavy smoking) |
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Essential (Primary)
Thrombocytopenia 1.platelet count____ 2.____________ complications 3.Blood smear constituents |
1.>600,000/mm3 (often >1 million)
2.thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications 3.Large masses of plt aggregates (giant and bizaare forms, many small forms, occ megakaryocyte fragment |
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Hematological features of Essential Thrombocytopenia
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-increased megakaryopoesis in bone marrow
-leukoerythroblastosis -platelet count >600,000/mm3 -spontaneous plt aggregation -giant and bizaare forms of platelets -occasional megakaryocyte fragments |
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes
1.ranging from______ 2.previously called 3.clonal abnormality of____ 4.chromosomal abnormality on which one? 5.specific immunological marker? |
1.mild anemia to acute leukemia
2.preleukemias 3.pluripotent stem cells 4.most common found 5q 5.none found |
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Myelodysplastic syndrome criteria
Dyserythropoesis |
sideroblasts (possibly ringed) ; multinuclear; Howell-Jowell body and nuclear fragments
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Myelodiysplastic syndrome criteria
Dysmyelopoiesis |
hypogranulation; usually hyposegmented PMNs with abnormal chromatin patterns (pseudo -Pelger Huet); occ. Hypersegmented in bone marrow; mixed eos and baso granules; "hybrid" myelomonocytes - confirmed by double esterase stain
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Myelodysplastic syndrome
Dysmegakaryopoiesis |
micromegakaryocytes; abnormal granulation (hypo or agranular); giant platelets
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FAB classification of MDSs
Refractory Anemia 1. WBC count 2.FE stores inc or dec? 3.ringed sideroblasts 4.blast in blood? |
1.<3,900
2.increased 3.NO 4.rare |
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FAB Classification of MDSs
(RARS) Refractory Anemia with Ringed Sideroblasts 1. similar to RA plus a. ringed sideroblasts? b.iron ? c.normal rbc also but_____ |
1.a.>15% ringed sideroblasts
b.iron not incorporated properly c.erythroid dimorphism |
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FAB classification of MDSs
(RAEB) Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts 1.apearance of rbc,wbc and plt 2.___% myeloblast in bonemarrow 3.____%in blood 4. previously known as___ |
1.5% to 20% myeloblast in bone marrow
2. <5% myeloblasts in blood 3.smouldering leukemia |
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FAB Classifications of MDSs
(DAEB-T) Refractory Anemia with Excess Blast in Transformation 1.____% myeloblast in BM 2.___%myeloblast in blood 3.any inclusion may be present? 4.MDS with the highest conversion rate to___ |
1.20% to 30% myeloblast in BM
2. > 5% myeloblast in blood 3.Auer rods 4.ANLL |
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FAB Classification of MDSs
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia |
-a leukemia but yet may have typical dyspoiesis of MDSs
-WBC will be inc however monocytes, promonocytes an dgranulocytes and immature granulocytes will be present |
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Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Causes: |
-secondary to treatment of other malignancy
-toxins |
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1.Define Leukemia
2.Def Lymphoma 3.What are lymphoid tissues |
1.Leukemia: malignancy involving blood and/or marrow
2.Lymphoma: localized malignany in lyphoid system 3.-sites for Ag recognition and processing -lymphopoeisis |
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Lymphomas
1.Diagnosis 2.Staging |
1.must biopsy node. Look at cell size type, pattern within the node
2.How far has it spread? How many organs are involved, etc. |
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1.What is Hodgkin's Lymphoma
2.Cell characteristics |
1.Proliferation of benign inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and eos)interspered with Reed-sterberg Cell (malignant)
2.large bi/poly lobulated nucleus; "owl eyes", origin of cell is unknown |
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Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma
1.______ malignancy 2.Working Formulation Classification a.Low Grade b.Intermediate Grade c.High Grade |
1.lymphocytic malignancy
2.Low grade:slow, can manage, but not really treat.Longest survival, not curable, not responsive to therapy b.Intermediate: diffclt to manage and treat.WORSE prognosis c.High: shortest survival, but catch soon enough, can treat subset can be cured Example: Burkitt's lymphoma |
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Burkitt's Lymphoma
1.___ cell derivation 2.associated with _____ 3.seen in ____ and |
1.B cell
2.Epstein Barr Virus 3.children and adults with AIDS |
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Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas
1.2 related disorders |
1.Mycosis Fungoides: skin lymphoma, characteristic lesions, as progress involve other organs
Sezary Syndrome:Malignant cells in blood, skin and other organs, appear as mature lymphs with convoluted , cerebriform nuclear folds |
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Name all Plasma Cell Disorders
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-Solitary Plasmacytoma
-Multiple Myeloma -Plasma Cell Leukemia -Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia -Momoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance -Heavy Chain Disease |
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Solitary Plasmacytoma
Definition |
Malignant clone of plasma cells localized to one area of bone or soft tissue.
!High tendency to develop Multiple Myeloma |
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Multiple Myeloma
Definition and characteristics of plasma cells |
Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
few plasma cell in blood and are immature;abnormal nuclear features:may lose halo, russell bodies, Flame cell if IgA, decreased RBC,WBC and plt !Osteolytic Lesion: Plasma cell produce osteoclast activating factor and serum Ca++ and Phosporus incrased. Monoclonal Ig production IgG then IgA, rarely IgD/IgE |
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Multiple Myeloma
1.SPEP vs IEP 2.Malignant Plasma cells secrete ____ to normal plasma cells and create: 3.Result of polymerization of immunoglobulins |
1.suppressor substance; decreased normal Igs,increased infection-death
2.RBC rouleaux; increase plasma viscosity; bind platelet and clotting factors |
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Plasma Cell Leukemia
1.Usually seen in terminal acute phase of ____ 2.Rarely: Primary Plasma cell leukemia |
1.Multiple Myeloma: plasma cells in blood
2.many immature plasma cells in blood |
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Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Definition and characteristics |
Loss of regulation of clone of cells which appear to be the lymphocytes in blood and marrow
Characteristics: Hyperviscosity= neurological problems, rouleaux, cryoglobulin(protein ppt)(reynauds phenomenon), bleeding problems Monoclonal production of IGM |
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Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance (MGUS)
1.3% of all adults are___y.o. Heavy Chain Disease 2.excessive production of__ |
1. >70 years
2. Heavy Chain Disease |
