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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Subject
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an individual upon which experiment is performed
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treatment
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a specific experimental condition imposed on the subjects.
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Explanatory Variable X (factor)
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a set of treatments imposed on the subjects that mey effect the outcome
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Response variable Y
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the outcome measured on the subjects to reveal the effects of the treatments
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Control
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treatment WITHOUT the active ingredient imposed on subjects
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Placebo
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dummy treatment that resembles the active treatment.
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Lurking Variable
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a variable that affects the relationship b/w response variable and explanatory variable but is not included among the variables.
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Confounding
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a condition where the effects of two different variables on the response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.
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Three Principles of Good Experimental Design
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1. Control or Comparison
2. Randomiazation 3. Replication |
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Control or Comparison
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what: comparing tratments
why: eliminate and measure lurking variables |
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Randomization
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what: random assignment
why: eliminate bias and to average |
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Replication
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what:each treatment to more than one group
why: to measure chance variation |
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Control or Comparison 3 types
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1. Treatment vs. Control (no treatment)
2. Treatment vs. Control (placebo) 3. Treatment 1 vs. Treatment number two (comparison) |
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Randomization steps
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1. use random device
2. Treatments assigned 3. experiments compared |
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observed effect
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difference b/w what we see and what we expect to see in the data.
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chance variation
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variation b/w the results when we apply the treatment to two groups.
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Statistically significant
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an observed effect that is too large to be attributed to chance variation i.e if the difference b/w two treatments is statistically significant when the treatments affect the responses
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Purpose of experiment
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to determine if treatments affect response.
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