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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Politics
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The public resolution or management of conflict within a basic consensus of community.
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Ideology
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Is a system of commonly held beliefs and values
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Classic Liberalism Values
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• Individual liberty is most important
• Social advancement is encouraged • The market should be the moral judge of human life. If the market accepts something, it must be good. • Religion should not be involved in the market • Govt. is not responsible for the welfare of the citizens. Every man for himself. |
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Classic Socialism Values
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• Purpose of society is to advance human welfare
• Material equality is the main goal • Individual liberty is less important • People should cooperate rather than compete • EQUALITY IS KEY • Organized religion is okay, but should not interfere with govt. • People let themselves be governed. Elects officials. Or Willing obedience to govt. |
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Classic Conservatism Values
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• Change is bad
• Once a ditch digger always a ditch digger • Church and State work together • The church and highest economic class has the power • Government takes care of the lower classes in exchange for labor. |
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Personal Liberty
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It is a citizen’s choice to participate in the political process.
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Legal Equality
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Everyone gets one vote per person, and each vote is weighed equally.
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Choice Among Alternatives
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We need to be given a actual choice in candidates running for office, and they must be different platforms, agendas, and views on public policy
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Freedom of Speech
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We must be able to give or opinion without fear of punishment. (Within reason)
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Regularly Scheduled Elections
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There must be at regular intervals a way for people to participate in the political process. EX: Presidential elections every four years
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Modern Liberals
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o HATES govt. involvement in personal life (abortion, drug use)
o LIKES govt. involvement in economic life (Taxation) |
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Modern Conservatives
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o LIKES govt. involvement in personal life
o HATES govt. involvement in economic life |
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Libertarians
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Closest thing to pure classic liberals
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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French philosopher that wrote the Social Contract
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Social Contract
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If we have a moral law and we make the rules for ourselves that is freedom
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John Locke
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wrote about representative democracy
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Representative Democracy
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• People elect representatives
• Necessary for large societies • Govt. would not be allowed to be so powerful that it was oppressive |
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Democracy
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a government that the people believe to be right or moral and therefore ought to be obeyed
o Because they made their own laws then they have a moral obligation to follow them |
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Decision Rule
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There must be a way to decide when a decision has been made by the people.
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Non-Conformist Sects
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Any denomination other unrecognized by the Church of England (Ex: Puritans, Quakers, Catholics, Baptists, and Methodists.)
o Non Conformist Sects were subjected to considerable persecution in England→ • Americans were extreme individualists |
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Covenant
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an agreement entered into by choice with God.
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Natural Law
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o Suggests the moral order (what is right or wrong) is self-evident (obvious).
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Clockwork Universe
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• Parts are well balanced &Put tension against each other → THEN when the ‘clock’ Started it would tick on its own.
• Govt: If they could find the right system of govt. then society could run itself Idea from Sir Issac Newton |
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Pluralism
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the view that politics and decision making is located within the government.
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Identity Politics
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this is the practice of organizing on the basis of one’s racial identity, ethnic identity, gender, or sexual orientation to compete for public resources and to influence public
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Political Culture
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a shared body of values and beliefs that shape perceptions and attitudes towards politics and govt. and in turn influence political behavior
-.American Democracy needs the conflict and competitions as well as cooperation |
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de Tocqueville's Comments on Equal
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o Noticed that Americans felt more equal to each other than Europeans
• He thought this was because of the absence of a hereditary monarchy and aristocracy in the USA • Americans did not view royalty and aristocrats as their betters. |
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Noah Webster's belief and the action he took
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o Promoted a new national language to differ from British English by spelling and pronunciation.
o Wanted all British textbooks band from schools to wipe out old world loyalty and start educating students of America. o Believed that a single language was important to developing a common political culture. o Wrote his dictionary because Americans definition of senate, congress, assembly, and courts differ. |
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Popular Sovereignty
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o Rule by the People
• If individuals are equal no one person or group has the right to rule others. |
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Core American Values
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1. Individual Liberty
2.Political Equality 3. Popular Sovereignty 4. Majority Rule 5. Minority Rights 6.Economic Rights |
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Principles of American Democracy
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1. Personal Liberty
2. Legal Equality 3. Choice Among Alternatives 4.Freedom of Speech 5. Regularly Scheduled Elections 6.Decision Rule 7. Connection |
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Examples of Natural Rights in Declaration of Independence
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Freedom of Religion
All men are created equally No one can take that freedom away |
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Classic Liberalism Beliefs
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• Humans are individuals and not members of a group
• Humans are basically equal. • The market is its own entity separate of any religion • Competition drives the progression of the State. |
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Classic Socialism Beliefs
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• EQUALITY
• The market is irrational and doesn’t work for the best, unfair • Human beings belong in economic classes, naturally group themselves. • Religion is an illusion; there is no God |
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Classic Conservatism Beliefs
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• Humans are unequal.
• God chose the higher class to rule. “Divine Right of Kings” • Individualism is bad. |
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Connection
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Candidates cannot be all talk. Elections need to make a difference in govt. policy
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Constraints on the govt. in Democracy
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NO. Majority can impose its will on the minority
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Constraints on the govt. in Republic
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Yes. Majority cannot take away certain inalienable rights
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Definition of a real Democracy
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Is ruled by the all-powerful majority,
minority has no say or protection. Mob Rule |
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Definition of a Republic
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A constitutionally limited govt. w/ three branches and representatives
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In Democracy, Sovereignty is held by:
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the whole population (as a group)
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In a Republic, Sovereignty is held by:
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The people as individuals
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