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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Legal Realism
Laws can not be applied w/o regard for their social context and their social effects
Active Construction/ Interpretation of the law
Brown Vs. Board
-Segregation was a violation of our 14th ammen "Separate But Equal"
-1st supreme ct ruling to make explicit use of social science
-Clark & Clark: Doll preference exp
Psychology Vs. Law
descriptive - prescriptive
explains bhvr - regulates bhvr
probabilistic - unambiguous
emphasizes groups - emph individual
future oriented - past oriented
objectivity - advocacy
Roles Of Psych in legal system
Advisors: expert eye witness, trial consultations, legal briefs
Evaluators: rsch to evaluate programs and practice
Reformers: Advocate for change in the legal system based on rsch
5 ways to influence the legal system
1. Expert testimony
2. Cross-disciplinary training
3. Amicus Curiae Briefs
4. Dissemination of rsch findings
5. Legislature & public policy
Expert Testimony
Helpful educators that are exceptional in their field
Cross-disciplinary training
exposing Psych students to Law and vice versa offers more insight
Amicus Curiae Briefs
summarizes rsch in a particular topic in "plain language"
"Friend of the Court"
dissemination of rsch finding
Use of Media
Making rsch data available to the public
Legislature & Public Policy
Policy-rsch used to influence thinking of legislature
lobbying
Daubert Trilogy (1993)
Trial Judges decide what rsch evidence is admissible based on
1) testability/falsifiability
2) Known Rate of error
3) Peer Review
4)Expected into rel. scientific cmty
How does Memory work
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Recall Vs. Recognition
Recall: memory is accessed with Cues
Recognition: Immediately seeing something and that access the memory
Cross-Race Effect
difficult to identify people of different ethnic groups than yourself
not directly influenced by racial attitudes
Stress & Memory
Emotional memories are didn't but subject to the same process & biases as neutral memories
"Highlighter" metaphor
Invisible Gorilla Study
Preexisting expectations
Weapon Focus
Prior Knowledge
Scripts
Sequence of actions in event
unconscious transference
face seen in one context transferred to another
suggestive/ leading cmmts
eye witness recall shaped by question
retrieval inhibition
inhibiting Surinam about some aspects of an event by focusing on others
memory conformity
when co-witnesses talk to one another and that changes memory for social norm reasons
intoxicated eye witness
often intoxicated at time of incident and interview
not more susceptible to misinformation than if sober
witness confidence
Post-ID Feedback:
confidence likely to increase over time
distorts the memory
cog dissonance
Manson Criteria
1) opportunity
2) accuracy of description
3) level of attention
4) degree if certainty- inconsistent
5) time btwn witnessing and identification
Improving eye witness testimony
1) Blind Lineup
2) Bias-reducing
3) unbiased Lineup
4) confidence rating
5) video recording
6) sequential lineup
7) expert testimony
Estimator Vs. System Variables
Outside vs. inside the control of the legal system
blind lineup
person administering the lineup doesnt know who the criminal is
rarely followed
bias-reducing
removed the assumption that the suspect is even in the lineup to begin with
unbiased lineup
alternative suspects, fillers
confidence ratings
obtain confidence statements at the time of the identification
immediate
video recordings
record ID procedures
sequential lineup
view person at a time in a line up
absolute judgment vs relative judgment
cognitive interview
build rapport with witness
Mnemonics:
1) context reinstatement
2) report everything you can remember
3) change perspective
4) change order of events
Repressed Memories
memories that we have pushed out of our conscious memories
Legal implications of repression
Statue Of Limitations:
not until the victim becomes aware of abuse
Delayed Discovery:
Need to Know the source of your injury
Loftus
psychiatrist implants an artificial memory based on plausibility it is more likely to be implanted
"Lost In the Mall" study
Evaluating Recovered Memories
1) Spontaneous or coerced over a long period of time
2) vague impressions of feelings
3) How long did the memory last
4) things that hppn before age 3
5) do the memories involve something rare