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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Largest bone in the leg:
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Tibia
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What is the tibia for?
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Weight bearing
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Tibia articulates with what 3 bones:
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1. Femur (prox) / Patella
2. Fibula (prox/dist) 3. Talus |
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What exact part of the tibia articulates w/ the femur?
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Medial/Lateral Epicondyles
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What is between the Epicondyles?
What is this important for? |
Intercondylar Eminence
-Attachment of ACL/PCL |
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What important landmark is on the anterior surface of tibia?
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Tibial tuberosity - insertion of patellar ligament/quadriceps
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What disease is associated w/ the Tibial Tuberosity?
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Osgood-Schlatter's - inflammation in growing boys
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Where is the Soleal border?
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On posterior tibia where soleus muscle originates.
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What is the function of the Fibula?
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NOT weight-bearing; an attachment point for muscles.
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What type of joint is the ankle joint?
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Mortis
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What characterizes a mortis joint, and what does it allow?
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3-sided; allows inversion and eversion - but also injury.
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What is the most common site of ankle sprains?
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Lateral malleolus of the Fibula
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What is attached to the lateral malleolus?
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Tripartite ligament
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What ligament is attached to the medial malleolus?
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Deltoid
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So the ankle ligaments are:
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Lateral = Tripartite
Medial = Deltoid |
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What ankle injury would u see in a:
-Basketball player -Motercycle biker |
Bball: INVERSION - injury to the lateral malleolus (common)
Biker: EVERSION - injury to the medial malleolus (rare) |
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What are the 5 important arteries to know in the leg?
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1. Popliteal
2. Anterior Tibial 3. Posterior Tibial 4. Fibular/Peroneal 5. Genicular |
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Where is the Popliteal Artery?
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In the popliteal fossa - the continuation of the Femoral artery after passing through adductor hiatus.
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Where is the Ant Tibial Artery? What is it a branch from?
What does it supply? How does it become Anterior? |
-In Anterior Compartment
-Branch of Popliteal -Supplies Anterior Compartment -Pierces interosseous membrane |
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Posterior tibial Artery:
-Found where -Supplies what -Where it goes |
Found: in posterior compartment
Supplies: posterior compartment Goes: around medial malleolus |
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Peroneal/Fibular Artery:
-Found where -Supplies what -Where it goes |
Found: In Post. compartment lateral to Post Tib Artery
Supplies: LATERAL compartment Goes: to small anastamosis w/ artery in feet |
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Where/what are Genicular Arteries?
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Anastomases around the knee joint.
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4 sites for palpating pulses in the lower extremity:
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-Femoral artery - inguinal
-Popliteal artery -Dorsalis pedis - top foot -Posterior tibial - behind medial malleolus |
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Where is the Femoral artery palpated?
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Near the inguinal canal, in the femoral triangle
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Where is dorsalis pedis pulpated?
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On the top of the foot, between 1st and 2nd Metatarsals
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Where is Posterior tibial palpated?
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Behind the medial malleolus
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What are the important deep veins in the leg?
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Same as the arteries:
1. Popliteal 2. Anterior tibial 3. Posterior Tibial 4. Peroneal (fibular) artery 5. Genicular arteries |
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What disease is associated with leg arteries?
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Vascular Artery Disease - cholesterol build up narrows the openings.
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What disease is associated with leg deep veins?
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DVT - deep venous thrombosis - can throw a clot to the lungs and result in pulmonary embolism.
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What patients are at increased risk for DVT?
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Those w/ incompetent valves - results in stasis.
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What are the superficial veins in the leg?
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-Great saphenous
-Small Saphenous -Dorsal Venous Arch |
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Where does the Great Saphenous Vein run?
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-Medial side of leg, anterior to medial malleolus.
-Drains into femoral vein at Saphenous Opening |
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What supplies blood to the Greater Saphenous Vein?
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Dorsal Venous Arch
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Where is the Dorsal Venous Arch?
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On the foot - it drains into both Great and Small Saphenous Veins
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Where is the Small Saphenous Vein? Where does it empty?
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Lateral side of leg; runs posterior to gastrocnemius from dorsal venous arch, empties into deep veins in popliteal fossa.
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Important Motor Nerves of Leg:
(4) |
1. Tibial nerve
2. Common peroneal nerve 3. Superficial peroneal nerve 4. Deep peroneal nerve |
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Where is the Tibial nerve?
What does it supply? |
-Medial leg
-Supplies Posterior compartment |
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What does the Tibial nerve terminate as?
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2 Branches:
-Medial plantar nerve -Lateral plantar nerve |
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Where is the Common Peroneal Nerve located?
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Wraps around the outside of fibula from Popliteal fossa
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What will result from injury to Common Peroneal nerve?
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Foot drop - because the Superficial and Deep Peroneal nn are nonfunctional.
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What genetic disease is associated with the Common Peroneal nerve?
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Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease
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What does Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease cause?
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Atrophy of the lateral and anterior leg muscle compartments.
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What muscles recieve their innervation from the Superficial Peroneal nerve?
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-Lateral Compartment muscles
-Dorsal foot |
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What muscles are innervated by the Deep Peroneal Nerve?
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Anterior Compartment muscles
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What Cutaneous nerves in the leg are important? (5)
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1. Saphenous Nerve
2. Sural Nerve 3. Deep Peroneal Nerve 4. Superficial Peroneal Nerve 5. Tibial Nerve |
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Saphenous Nerve:
-Branch of what? -Supplies what? |
-Branch of Femoral n.
-Supplies medial portion of lower leg |
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Sural Nerves:
-Branches of what? -Supplies what? |
-Tibial br. (medial sural nerve)
-Common Peroneal br. (lateral sural nerve) -Supplies Lat/Post lower leg and Dorsum of Foot |
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Deep Peroneal Nerve:
Supplies what? |
Supplies 25c size spot on dorsal surface of 1st/2nd toes.
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Superficial Peroneal Nerve:
-Supplies sensory to what? |
-Anterior leg
-Lateral leg -Dorsum of foot (except 25c spot) |
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Tibial Nerve:
-Supplies sensory to what? |
PLANTUM (bottom) of foot.
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Diabetic complications:
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LOSS OF BOTH MOTOR AND SENSORY FUNCTIONS primarily related to the Common Peroneal nerve.
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Where would you find superficial lymph nodes primarily in the leg?
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Inguinal region
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What is Compartment Syndrome?
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Condition caused by Crush injury
-Tremedous swelling/pressure -Compresses arteries/nerves |
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What are the primary symptoms of Compartment sydrome?
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-Muscle Necrosis
-Loss of pulses -Pallor distal to the injury |
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Anterior Leg Compartment Muscles (3):
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-Tibialis anterior
-Extensor hallucis longus -Extensor digitorum longus |
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Anterior Compartment:
-nerve -artery -action |
Nerve: Deep Peroneal
Artery: Anterior Tibial Action: Dorsiflexion |
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Lateral Leg Compartment Muscles:
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-Peroneus longus
-Peroneus brevis |
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Lateral Leg Compartment
-Nerve -Artery -Action |
Nerve: Superficial Peroneal n.
Artery: Peroneal artery (major) and Posterior Tibial (minor) Action: Eversion/Dorsiflexion |
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Superficial Posterior Compartment of Leg Muscles:
Action? |
-Gastrocnemius
-Soleus -Plantaris Antigravity - keep you standing |
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What is the action of Gastroc?
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-Antigravity
-Slight leg flexion |
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What is the action of Soleus?
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-Antigravity
-Plantarflexion |
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What is the action of Plantaris?
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It has none.
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Posterior Leg Compartment
-Nerve -Artery (both superfic. and deep) |
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Artery: Posterior Tibial Artery |
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What muscles are in the DEEP Posterior leg compartment?
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-Flexor hallucis longus
-Tibialis posterior -Flexor Digitorum longus -Popliteus |
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What is the action of the Deep posterior compartment muscles?
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-Plantarflexion
-Inversion of the foot |
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What does Popliteus specifically do?
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Helps unlock the knee medially
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What is the Thompson Test?
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Used for determining if the Achilles tendon is detached from calcaneus or not.
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How do you do the Thompson Test?
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-Have the patient lie on stomach
-Squeeze gastrocnemius -Foot should flex |
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If the foot does flex what is most likely the cause of pain?
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Plantaris muscle or tendon is torn
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Where are most ankle sprains?
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Lateral malleolus - Tripartite Ligament
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What is the Weight Distribution in the foot?
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50% = metatarsals
50% = calcaneus |
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Diabetic Complications result in
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Both motor and sensory function loss
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If a patient can't feel anything in the medial lower leg what nerve is cut?
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Saphenous / femoral
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If a patient lacks feeling in the posterior leg, what nerve?
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Sural nerve (medial from tibial, lateral from peroneal)
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If a patient lacks feeling in a 25c spot between toes 1 and 2 on the dorsum of foot, what nerve?
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Deep Peroneal Nerve
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If a patient lacks feeling on the Anterior/lateral leg, what nerve is probly cut?
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Superficial Peroneal
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If a patient lacks feeling on the BOTTOM of the foot, what nerve is probly cut?
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Tibial
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What bones are weight bearing in the lower limb?
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Tibia/Femur
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What bone bears no weight?
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Fibula
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What is the most common site of Gout?
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1st MTP joint
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What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
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Patellar inflammation in young growing males
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What free-floating bone can be found within the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle?
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The Fabella
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Where does the Popliteus muscle insert?
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Within the knee joint
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