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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blood contained in blood vessels |
closed circulatory system |
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high in oxygen, away from the heart |
arteries |
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low in oxygen, to the heart |
veins |
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intimate contact w/ body cells and tissues/ the only place materials enter and leave the blood stream |
capillaries |
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getting blood to a location more quickly |
vasoconstriction |
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gets more blood to a location |
vasodilation |
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an example of an inflammatory response |
vasodilation |
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made up of smooth muscle, elastic, fibrous and controls vasoconstriction and dilation |
tunica media |
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larger vessels need their own blood supply--- where is this located? |
vasa vasorum // tunica externa |
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____are usually elastic, have little resistance, and can withstand fluctuation in BP |
arteries |
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what prevents backflow in veins? |
venous veins |
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largest veins: |
SVC, IVC (smooth muscle) |
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pooling of blood due to poor valves (don't close properly) |
varicose veins |
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usually 1 layer thick / form a network / only place where materials can enter or leave the BS |
capillaries |
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typical BP |
120/80 |
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pressure in aorta when left ventricle contracts |
systolic pressure |
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lowest pressure in aorta when all 4 valves are closed at the same time |
diastolic pressure |
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when diastolic > 100 |
hypertension |
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what leads to hypertension? |
diet (high in sodium), obesity, age, race, heredity |
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short term control of bp |
neural & chemical control |
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vasomotor center in brain stem |
neural control |
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chemoreceptors in aorta, detect an increase in ____ and leads to increased BP ( breathing faster) |
CO2 / chemical control |
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long term control of BP |
renal regulation |
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works by altering blood volume |
renal regulation |
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if there is an increase in blood volume |
there is an increase in BP |
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if there is a lot of salt intake, which retains fluid- |
increase in BP |
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if kidneys eliminate water often |
decrease in BP |
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any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cant circulate correctly |
circulatory shock |
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type of circ. shock - low blood volume, |
hypovolumic shock |
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type of circ. shock- vol. normal, extreme vasodilation, allergic reaction, massive release of histamine |
vascular shock |
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type of circ. shock- heart has failed as a pump |
cardiogenic shock |
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blood to and from the lungs |
pulmonary circulation |
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blood to and from major body system |
systemic circulation |
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blood to and from liver (liver stores excess nutrients, intestines cant handle it, liver is a storage) |
hepatic- portal circulation |
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the heart is located in the ____, superior to the __, and posterior to the ____ |
mediastinum, thoracic cavity/ diaphragm/ sternum |
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what covers the heart? |
pericardium |
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what is the pericardium for? |
protection, to anchor the heart, and to prevent over filling |
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contains a fibrous and serous layer |
parietal pericardium |
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lines the cavity |
parietal |
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on the heart |
visceral pericardium |
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space b/w the visceral and parietal pericardium |
pericardial cavity |
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3 layers of the heart wall |
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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outside layer of the heart ____, contains the___ |
epicardium, visceral pericardium |
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muscle of heart is located in _____,which is the bulk of the heart |
myocardium |
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inside layer of heart, endothelial layer |
endocardium |
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superior vena cava--- |
carries blood from the head to the heart |
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inferior ven cava--- |
carries blood from the lower ext. to the heart |
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pulmonary veins--- |
carries blood from the lungs to the heart high in o2 |
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largest artery, carries blood away from the heart to rest of body |
aorta |
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right and left, carries blood to the lungs, picks up oxygen, rids CO2 |
pulmonary arteries |
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what bypasses the blockage? |
coronary arteries, coronary veins, coronary sinus, myocardial infarction, coronary bypass. |
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receiving chambers, thin walls, dont do anything--- |
atria |
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____does all the work |
ventricles |
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thick walls, strongest chambers, contains papillary muscles, and cordae tendonae |
ventricles |
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strongest ventricle |
Left Ventricle |
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____ are cords attached to the ____ |
papillary muscles---cordae tendonae |
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what controls the opening and closing of a valve? |
cordae tendonae |
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usual ph of blood |
7.35-7.45 - more basic |
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how much of your body is blood? |
8% |
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3 functions of blood: |
distribution, regulation, protection |
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liquid portion of blood- |
plasma |
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how does the blood protect the body? |
platelets = clotting, antibodies |
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% of RBC of total blood volume |
hematocrit |
