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76 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Tissue types

Muscular, connective, epithelial, nervous

A tissue is

a group of cells with similar structure that perform a particular function

Characteristics of Epithelium

Covers body surfaces and lines cavities


Cellularity


Polarity

Cellularity

cells strongly adhere to each other laterally

Microvilli

Mountain tops

Cilia

Hair tops

Supported by connective tissue

Regeneration


Basement membrane


Avascular

Mitosis

2 daughter cells having same amount of chromosomes as parent nucleus

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

protection


absorption


secretion


excretion


filtration


sensory perception

Tight junction

holds cells together

Desmosomes

found in areas subjected to stress

Gap junctions

allows electrical currents to pass

Simple squamous epithelium

Flat 1 layer

Endothelium

Lines blood vessels

Mesothelium

found in serous membrane lining ventral cavity and organs

Simple cuboidal

1 layer cube shape

Simple columnar

1 layer column shape

Pseudostratified columnar

column shape 1 layer--looks like stratified

Stratified squamous

2 or more layers flat

Keratinized

water proofing protein

Non keratinized

found in the inside of cheeks

Glandular Epithelium

secretes mucus via endocrine and exocrine glands

endocrine

secretes substances-organs or outside of body it is also ductless

ductless

secretes in bloodstream

exocrine

secretes substances outside of body it is duct

duct

tube with well defined walls

Goblet cell

secretes mucus

Modes of secretion

Merocrine


Apocrine


Holocrine

Merocrine

no cellular loss, watery secretion, ordinary sweat glands

Apocrine

partial cellular loss, watery secretion, odiferous-found in anal, axillae, and genital regions

Holocrine

complete cell loss, sebaceous glands, oily secretion, associated with hair follicles

Connective tissue

most abundant

Functions of Connective tissue

Binding and support


protection


insulation


transport

Mesnchyme

embryonic

Structural elements of connective tissue

Ground substance, fibers, cells

Ground substance has a

shapeless background

CAMs

connective tissue glue

Chondronectin

found in cartilage

Osteonectin

found in bone

Proteoglycans

traps large quantities of water

Fiber types

collagen, elastic, reticular

Cell suffixes

blast, cyte, clast

blast

create

cyte

maintains

clast

break down

Macrophages

derived from monocytes-phagocytosis

Connective tissue proper loose subclasses

areolar, adipose, reticular

connective tissue proper dense subclasses

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

regular fibers

parallel and allows movement in one direction

irregular fibers

many directions, moves in many directions

Areolar

loose packing material of most organs and tissues, binds organs.

Adipose functions

energy storage, insulation, cushioning

Adipose fat colors

white & brown

Adipocytes

cells that make up adipose tissue

White/yellow fats

found in adults appears white at birth and turns yellow

Brown fat

found more in infants, generates heat

Reticular

found only in lymphatic organs

Cartilage types

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Lacunae

space that contains chondrocytes

Hyaline

firm but flexible matrix

Elastic

firm but really flexible, provides skeletal support

Fibrocartilage

thick bundles

Nervous tissue

coordinates and integrates body functions

3 parts of nervous tissue

Dendrites, soma, axon

Neuroglia

supports cells in nervous tissue

Types of Muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Serous

lines cavities and covers organs

Tissue repair

regeneration: mitosis

Fibrosis

replaced by scar tissue

Inflammation signs

redness and heat: increase blood flow

Edema

increase vascular permeability

Pain results from

edema

Regeneration capacities of different cells

labile, stable, permanent

labile

regenerate throughout lifetime

stable

regenerate after injury

permanent

little to no regeneration