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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the nervous system? |
Provides speech, senses smell and controls body movement. |
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List the levels of organization of the nervous system and function of each. |
Somatic nervous system- voluntary movement of the muscles and organs and reflex movement
Autonomic nervous system- regulates the functions if our internal organs such ad the heart stomach and intestine
Enteric nervous system -coordination of reflexes |
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List 3 structural classes of neurons. |
Multipolar neurons Bipolar neurons Unipolar neurons |
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List the 3 functional classes of neurons |
Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons |
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List all neuroglia cells of CNS location and function. |
Astrocytes |
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What threshold does Acton potential need to reach? |
-55 |
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Sub-threshold stimulus |
A weak depolarization that cannot bring the membrane potential to threshold. |
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Threshold stimulus |
A stimulus that is just strong enough to depolarize the membrane to threshold. |
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Where does depolarizing graded potential originate? |
In the dendrites or cell body of a neuron and then travel to the trigger zone. |
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What happens if the graded potential is able to depolarize the membrane to threshold? |
Voltage-gated Na+ channels open quickly. |
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What happens when voltage-gated Na+ channels open? |
Electrical and chemical gradients favor inward movement of Na+. The resulting influx of Na+ produces the depolarizing phase of the action potential as the membrane potential rises from threshold -55 to +30. |
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During peak action potential, the cytosol side of the membrane is... |
30... more positive than the extracellular fluid side of the membrane |
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Graded potential |
A small deviation from the membrane potential that makes the membrane either more polarized (inside more negative) or polarized (inside less negative) useful for short distance communication only. |
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Hyperpolarizing graded potential |
Membrane is more polarized (inside more negative) below -70. |
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Depolarizing graded potential |
When the response makes the membrane less polarized (inside less negative) than resting potential. |
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What does it mean these electric signal ate graded? |
They vary in amplitude (size) depending on the strength of the stimulus. |
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How does a graded potential form? |
In response to the opening of mechanically or ligand-gated channels. |
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Mechanical stimulus |
Opens a mechanically gated channel that allows cations to enter the cell, a depolarizing graded potential occurs as the as the cell interior becomes less negative than at rest. |
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Postsynaptic potential |
When a graded potential occurs in a neuron in response to a neurotransmitter. |
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Receptor potential |
The graded potential that occur in sensory receptors |
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Depolarizing and repolarizing phases of an action potential. |
1. Resting state- |
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How do you communicate from one part of the body to another |
Action potential travels from where they arise at a trigger zone to the axon terminals |
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Impulse propigation |
Action potential does not die. It keeps it's strength as it spreads along the membrane. |
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Saltatory conduction |
The special mode of action potential propigation that occurs along myelinated axons . |
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How do neurons filter, intergate and process information |
Using synaptic transmission |
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Presynaptic neuron |
The neuron that carries an impulse toward a synapse |
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Postsynaptic neuron |
The pulse that carries an impulse away from a synapse |
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Chemical synapses |
An impulse in a presynaptic neuron causes the release of neurotransmitter molecules that produce an impulse in a postsynapticTV neuron. |
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Synaptic cleft |
A tiny space filed with interstitial fluid. |
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Postsynaptic potential |
The postsynaptic neuron converts the chemical signal(neurotransmitter) back into an electrical signa.l |
