Lecture Chapter 2

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Smallest unit of life

Front 2

Cell Membrane

Back 2

surrounds, protects and regulates exchange between cell and environment

Front 3

Nucleus

Back 3

control center of cell; contains DNA

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

"colored bodies", 23 paired rod-shaped structures containing DNA found in nucleus

Front 5

Genes

Back 5

regions in chromosomes that contain DNA and

Front 6

Karyotype

Back 6

photograph of chromosomes put in orderly classifications

Front 7

Amniocentesis

Back 7

"puncture of sac surrounding embryo" to extract material for karyotyping

Front 8

Down Syndrome

Back 8

3- 21 chromosome

Front 9

Cytoplasm

Back 9

"cell formation" all material outside of nucleus but in cell; carries on the work of the cell

Front 10

Mitochondria

Back 10

where catabolism occurs producing ATP

Front 11

Catabolism

Back 11

"process of breaking down" breaking down of complex nutrients into simpler ones, releases energy

Front 12

Anabolism

Back 12

"process of building up" building large proteins from amino acids

Front 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 13

network of canals that are in cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs

Front 14

Metabolism

Back 14

anabolism + Catabolism; "process of changing in cast" sum of all chemical process that occur in a cell

Front 15

Differentation of cells

Back 15

cells are specialized throughout the body to carry out individual processes

Front 16

Tissue

Back 16

"histo" group of similar cells working together

Front 17

Types of tissue

Back 17

1. Epithelial

2. Muscle

3. Connective

4. Nervous

Front 18

Epithelial cells

Back 18

skin or lining cells; lines endocrine and exocrine glands

Front 19

Muscle Tissue

Back 19

produce movements; voluntary (skeletal) and involuntary (cardiac and smooth)

Front 20

Connective Tissue

Back 20

adipose

bone

blood

cartilage

Supportive, packing

Front 21

Nerve Tissue

Back 21

conducts impulses throughout the body

Front 22

Organs

Back 22

2 or more tissues working together

Viscera singular viscus

Front 23

Systems

Back 23

several organs working together to perform complex functions

Front 24

Integumentary System

Back 24

Protection; includes hair, skin, nails, exocrine glands

Front 25

Skeletal System

Back 25

protection, structure, shape

Front 26

Muscular System

Back 26

perform movement and shape

Front 27

Cardiovascular System

Back 27

pumps blood throughout body

Heart, veins, arteries, venules

Front 28

Respiratory System

Back 28

Exchange of O2 and CO2, sound, includes

lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, nose, bronchial tubes

Front 29

lungs

Back 29

site of gas exchange

Front 30

Digestive System

Back 30

mouth, esophagus, salivary glands, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 31

Nervous System

Back 31

rapid response, electrical impulses; CNS, PNS, nerves

Front 32

Endocrine System

Back 32

Thyroid Gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, sex glands, adrenal, pancreas ; long term response

Front 33

Lymphatic SYstem

Back 33

role in immune defense, lymph fluid and interstitial fluid through body

Front 34

Urinary System

Back 34

Electrolytes, water and ion balance, excretes waste

Front 35

Reproductive System

Back 35

producing offspring

Front 36

Reticuloendothelial System

Back 36

Immune system macrophage or mononuclear phagocyte system

Front 37

Body Cavities

Back 37

Cranial

Spinal

Thoracic

Abdominal

Pelvic

Front 38

Pituitary gland

Back 38

endocrine gland found at the base of brain

Front 39

thyroid gland

Back 39

Endocrine Gland surrounding trachea in neck

Front 40

Ureter

Back 40

one of 2 tubes that leading from kidneys to bladder

Front 41

Urethra

Back 41

tube from bladder to outside of body

Front 42

Uteus

Back 42

womb

Front 43

Cranial Cavity

Back 43

brain, pituitary gland

Front 44

Thoracic Cavity

Back 44

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus, aorta

Front 45

Thoracic Cavity is divided into what 2 cavities?

Back 45

Pleural

Mediastinum

Front 46

Pleura Cavity

Back 46

Space between folds of pleura

Front 47

Pleura

Back 47

double folded membrane surrounding lungs

Front 48

Mediaentstinum

Back 48

central space between lungs; aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus, bronchial tubes, lymph nodes

Front 49

Abdominal Cavity

Back 49

Peritoneum, kidney (retroperitoneal), digestive organs

Front 50

Diaphragm

Back 50

muscular wall dividing abdominal and thoracic cavity; moves up and down for expansion of lungs during breathing

Front 51

Pelvic Cavity

Back 51

portions of small and large intestines, reproductive organs, rectum, bladder, urethra, ureters,

Front 52

Spinal Cavity

Back 52

of spinal cord

Front 53

Dorsal body Cavities

Back 53

Cranial

Spinal

Front 54

Peritonuem

Back 54

Membrane surrounding organs

Front 55

Omentum

Back 55

fatty part of peritoneum hangs in front of abdomen

Front 56

Regions of Abdominopelvic area

Back 56

R/L hypochondriac (below, cartilage ribs)

Epigastric

R/L lumbar

Umbilical

R/L inguinal

Hypogastric

Front 57

Quadrants

Back 57

Right upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Left upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Front 58

RUQ contains

Back 58

liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, parts of small intestine

Front 59

LUQ contains

Back 59

Spleen, stomach, part of pancreas, parts of small intestine

Front 60

RLQ

Back 60

small and large intestines, right ovary and fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

Front 61

LLQ

Back 61

Small and large intestines, left ovary, fallopian tube, left ovary

Front 62

Division of Spinal Cord

Back 62

Cervical (7)

Thoracic (12)

Lumbar (5)

Sacral (5 usually fused to form 1)

Coccygeal (4 fused pieces)

Front 63

Vertebra

Back 63

Single bacbone

Front 64

Vertebrae

Back 64

Backbones

Front 65

Spinal Column

Back 65

Bone Tissue surrounding spinal cavity

Front 66

Spinal Cord

Back 66

Nervous Tissue within spinal column

Front 67

Disk

Back 67

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Front 68

Intervertebreal

Back 68

between vertebrae

Front 69

Anterior

Back 69

Ventral; front side of body

Front 70

Posterior

Back 70

Dorsal; back side of body

Front 71

Deep

Back 71

Away from the surface

opposite (Superficial)

Front 72

Superficial

Back 72

on surface

Front 73

Proximal

Back 73

near point of attachment to trunk

opposite: Distal

Front 74

Distal

Back 74

far from point of attachment

Opposite:proximal

Front 75

Inferior

Back 75

below another structure;

Opposite: Superior

Front 76

Medial

Back 76

pertaining to middle

opposed to :lateral

Front 77

Lateral

Back 77

Pertaining to side

opposed to medial

Front 78

Supine

Back 78

lying on back

opposed to: prone

Front 79

Prone

Back 79

Lying face down

opposed to supine

Front 80

Cephalic

Back 80

Direction toward head

Opposed: caudal

Front 81

Caudal

Back 81

Pertaining to tail

Opposed: Cephalic

Front 82

Interior

Back 82

Towards inside

Opposed: Exterior

Front 83

Exterior

Back 83

Towards outside

Opposed: Interior

Front 84

Sagittal plane

Back 84

Anteroposterior direction/

R and L halves

Front 85

Coronal Plane

Back 85

frontal; front and back halves

Front 86

Transverse plane

Back 86

Across, top and bottom

Front 87

Adduct

Back 87

move towards the median plane

Opposed;abduct

Front 88

Abduct

Back 88

Move away from the median plane

Opposed:Adduct

Front 89

Flexion

Back 89

Bending a joint so as to approximate the parts

(Dorsi, Plantar)

Opposed: extension

Front 90

Extension

Back 90

bringing distal portion of a joint in continuity with long axis of the proximal portion

Opposed: flexion

Front 91

Pronate vs. Supinate

Back 91

RPro: place facing down

Sup: place facing up

Front 92

Recumbent

Back 92

leaning, reclining , lying down

Front 93

Varus

Back 93

bow legged

Front 94

Valgus

Back 94

Knock kneed

Front 95

Volar

Back 95

Sole of foot or palm of hand