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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
# of abused elders in USA in 1996?
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-.8-1.9 million abused
-33,000 olders adults at a given time -50% of cases lead to physically apparent trauma |
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What are the types of abuse?
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-Neglect (55%): Self, Active, Passive
-Physical (14.6%) -Financial (12.3%) -Abandonment (11%) |
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Population at Risk?
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-Women>Men
-Advanced age -Drug abuse in elder/caregiver -HX of conflict -Elders who internalize blame -XS loyalty to caregiver |
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Caregiver Risks?
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-EtOH/Drug abuse
-Dementia -Inexperience -Economic stress -HX of abuse as a child -Economic Dependenace on Elderly |
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Family Unit Characteristics Engendering Abuse?
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-Lack of family support
-Caregiver reluctance -Overcrowding -Isolation -Martial conflict -Violence |
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Orofacial sign of Physical Abuse
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-Facial bruising
-Lip trauma -Fractured teeth/jaw -Red, swollen eyes -Unkempt |
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B/c of the prevalence of dental/periodontal disease in elderly-DDS comes into contact often more frequently than MD (T/F0
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True
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All 50 states with legislation to protect elderly victims of abuse (T/F)
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True: 42 states with mandatory reporting
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Elder abuse is a medical DX and a crime (T/F)
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True
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Describe Suspected Abuse?
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-Can be reported by anyone suspecting abuse
-Self abuse/neglect -Reported most frequently by Home Health Agenecies or health care professional -One ONLY needs to suspect abuse -64.2 of reported abuse |
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Required information of report?
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-Name/age of adult and caregiver
-Age of adult -Information that indicated disability -What was done to harm, mistreat, exploit the adult in questions |
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What is the Screening criteria?
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-Disabled (> 18 yrs of age, Live in NC, physical or mental handicapped)
-Have they been abused, neglected or exploited -Need APS? |
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Def Abuse?
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-Willful infliction of pain, injury, or mental anguish
-Willful deprivation of needed services -Unreasonable confinement |
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What is exploitation?
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-Illegal or improper use of disabled adult or his resources for another person's advantages
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Who is in need of APS?
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-Any adult unable to perform or obtain essential services and is w/p an able, responsible and willing person to obtain these services
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How quickly are reports followed up?
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-Emergency: 24 hrs
-Routine: w/in 72 hrs |
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What does APS evaluate?
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-Physical/mental health
-Social supports -Functional status -Financial status -Physical environs of residence |
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What determines if services are rendered or not?
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-Must fulfill 3 screening criteria and:
-Has capacity and consents to services -Has capacity and refuses services -Legal guardianship proceedings if suspected incompetence |
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What happens if APS suspects abuse?
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-Report is filled w/ District attorney
-Detective is hired to investigate -Case is take to court -APS attempts to fultill unmet needs of abused person |
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END OF LECTURE 6
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END OF LECTURE 6
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What is Presbyopia?
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-Reduced accommodation (losing focus): Due to loss of elasticity of the lens
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What is Reduced retinal illuminance results from?
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-Senile miosis (reduce pupil size) and more absorptive lens
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Reduced and contrast and color saturation?
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-Decreased clarity of the lens --> increased light scattering--> Reduced contrast and color saturation
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Reduced ability to discriminate blue colors result from?
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-Progressive yellowing of the crystalline lens
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Common causes of age-related vision loss?
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-Macular Degeneration: central vision loss
-Glaucoma: loss of peripheral vision -Cataracts: Blurry distance vision -Diabetic Retinopathy: Blurred vision to due to hemorrhage |
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Age-related hearing loss?
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-Presbycusis: Progressive bilateral symmetrical age-related sensorineural hearing loss (Loss at high frequency)
-Noise-induced hearing loss: ass. w/ long-term exposure to high volume and high frequency noise -Tinnitus: high-pitched ringing, hissing, or roaring sound in ears |
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Communication w/ older adults w/ hearing impariment?
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-use communication aids: dry erase board
-Personal pocket talker system -Sign language interpreter |
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What is the differences b/t Fluid and Crystallized intelligence?
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-Fluid Intelligence: Ability to think and reason, declines with age
-Crystallized intelligence: Accumulated information and vocabulary acquired from educaiton and life |
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Decreased processing speed = decreased cognitive functioning (T/F)
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False
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Decreased processing speed is ass. w/ motor fx decline (T/F)
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True
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Working memory is most affected by age (T/F)
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True
-Age related cognitive changes does not = cognitive impairment |
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Common cause of cognitive deficits w/o dementia?
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-Alchohol abuse, depression, diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
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What is Aphasia?
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-Inability to generate coherent speech or understand spoken or written language
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What is Apraxia?
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-Inability to excuate motor activities
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What is Agnosia?
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-Inability to recognize or ID objects
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Disturbance in executive fxing:
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Inability to think abstractly, make sound judgements and plan and carry out complex tasks
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What are warning signs of Cogntive Impairment in Dental office?
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-Changes in personal hygiene and grooming
-Confusion w/ time and place -Trouble following a conversation -Changes in mood and personality -Difficulty making and following decisions |
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What are Cognitive Screening tools?
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-Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE)
-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) -Mini-Cog test (0-3) 3 = No problem |
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How do you test with MSSE
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Draw the clock with the long and short hands.
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What are commonly seen behavior problems in dental office?
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-Refuse to open, Don't follow instructions, Active hands, aggression, Erupted emotional changes, Wandering, Biting, Screaming.
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Verbal and Non-verbal communication strategies?
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-Verbal: short words, simple sentences, try to avoid open-ended questions, speak slowly, ask one question at a time
-Non-verbal: take off your mask, maintain eye contact, maintain a smile and use gentle touch, reduce background noise -Other: presence of caregiver, break down tasks, positive feedback, Tell-Show-Do, Continue talking to pt while working, Hand-over-hand technique |
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Behavior management strategies?
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-Least restrictive and least invasive technique first
-Oral anxiolytic medicaiton -Conscious sedation or GA -Physical restraint (Extra-oral mouth props, Intra-oral mouth props, Gentle hand-holding, Stabilize head, |
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END OF LECTURE 7
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END OF LECTURE 7
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Form 2010-2030, the 65+ population is expected to increase by __% to over 69 million.
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-75%
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Causes for changes in the Proportion of Elderly?
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-Declining and low fertility
-Declines in mortality at the adult and older ages -Matureof baby boom cohorts |
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Compared to the curren 65+ population, baby boomers?
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-Have fewer children
-Are more likely to be raising their grandchildren -Have higher rates of divorce and remarriage |
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__% of caregivers provide 8 hrs or less of care per week, __% provide more than 40 hrs.
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-48%: 8 hrs or less weekly
-17%: 40 hrs or more. |