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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell lineage |
follow the individual descendants of identified cells |
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Transplantation |
progenitor cells from donor to genetically different host animal or into cell culture unaltered phenotype = intrinsically determined new fate = influenced by environmental factors 1.take cell at some stage of development 2.put it into genetically different environment or similar or different area 3.stays the same, internally determined changes, environmentally determined just adding and taking away factors in cell culture |
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Intrinsically determined |
unaltered phenotype |
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Environmentally determined |
new fate, phenotype |
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Transcriptional cascade/hierarchy |
transcription factors direct the expression of other transcription factors by either activation or repression in the progenitor that progressively restrict fate choices in their descendents daughter cell inherits that transcription factor could restrict its ability to respond to factors in the environment |
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Forward genetics |
cause random mutogenesis and screen for what might have changed |
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Reverse genetics |
knockouts, over expression gene first |
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C. elegans |
know the lineage of every cell can now change progenitors at different stages and compare |
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plasticity |
some progeny always die in programmed cell death |
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organizer region |
dorsal lip of the blastopore specialized regions of the animal alter the fate of some of the cells to generate organ specific specialization |
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Sydney Brenner |
cell autonomous developmental program (European, depends on lineage) highly reproducible cell-cell interactions (American, where you are now matters) used laser ablations of single cells at specific points in development |
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Proliferation of neighbors |
not strict replacement neighbor can adopt missing cell fate and original progeny for that cell are missing |
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Gene regulation |
as cells become more differentiated they express a limited subset of their gene pool, rendering them responsive to fewer environmental influences they can only change if they retain the ability to sense the loss (as of a neighbor cell) AND still have the ability to alter the expression of appropriate proteins |
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Mosaic Development |
laser ablation of one progenitor usually results in loss of all the neurons that would have been generated by it |
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Q |
divides into 2 daughter cells Q1.a and Q1.p |
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Q1.p |
produces a touch cell and an interneuron |
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Unc-86 |
gene turned on and starts process to create a touch cell KO results in no mechanosensory neuron, instead Q' (just another Q cell) combines with mec-3 into a heterodimer to create a brand new transcription factor to activate the genes for a mechanosensory neuron
regulates neurotransmitter expression and axon outgrowth in the egg-laying neurons |
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mec-3 |
in mutants the cells that would be touch cells are born but they do not differentiate into mechanosensory neurons, they become interneurons affects neural subtype codes for transcription factor (LIM-homeodomain family) directly regulated by Unc-86 transcription factor |
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mec-7/ mec-12/ mec-17 |
encode proteins that are used in the differentiation of the specialized touch cell cytoskeleton KO produces defective touch cells and an interneuron |
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Bag of worm mutants |
20 genes define a hierarchical transcription cascades affecting egg-laying neuron development unable to lay eggs eggs are still fertilized, hatch, feel on mom from inside until only epidermis is left |
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ASE neurons |
gustatory neurons mirror images of each other one can taste sodium (ASELeft) and the other chloride (ASERight) results from P2 signalling arise 8 generation later |
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P2 blastomere |
sends signals to ABp blastomere byt not the ABa |
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ASEL |
left, sodium begins to preferentially express the transcription factor Die-1 targets MicroRNAs promotes lys-6 targets and represses Cog-1 mRNA |
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ASER |
right, chloride begins to preferentially express the transcription factor Cog-1 targets MicroRNAs promotes mir-273 targets and represses Die-1 |
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Double negative feedback loop |
a cell that can taste Cl can't taste Na |
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Dorsoventral genes |
msh,ind,vnd transcription factors that divide the embryo dorsoventrally |
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Temporally coordinated transcription factors |
expressed at various times in neuroblasts as they divide to form ganglion mother cells leads to expression of the next and inhibits the previous KO skips that factor |
