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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The major biomolecules
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all carbon based
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All carbon based of biomolecules are
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-Proteins
-Carbohydrates -Lipids -Nucleic Acids -Vitamins -Prosthetic group |
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Elements in Organic Compounds
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C, N, O, H, F, Cl., Br, I, P, S
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Number of Bonds of C
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4 Bonds
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Number of Bonds of N
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3 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of O
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2 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of H
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1 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of F
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1 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of Cl.
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1 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of Br
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1 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of I
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1 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of P
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3 or 5 Bonds
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Numbers of Bonds of S
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2 or 6 Bonds
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Hydrocarbons are
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Saturated Hydrocarbons
& Unsaturated Hydrocarbons |
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Saturated Hydrocarbons has
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C-C single bonds,
sp^3 hybrid orbitals ( tetrahedral) 109.5 bond angle |
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C-C single is
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Alkanes
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons has
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C-C multiple bonds
sp^2 hybridization 120 bond angle |
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C-C multiple bonds is
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Alkenes
Alkynes Aromatic |
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Alkanes are
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- sp^3 hybridized
- C(n)H(2n +2) -Inert meaning not so active |
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Alkanes:
CH(4) |
Methane
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Alkanes:
CH(2)H(6) |
Ethane
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Alkanes:
CH(3)H(8) |
Propane
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Alkanes:
CH(4)H(10) |
Butane
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Alkanes:
CH(5)H(12) |
Pentane
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Alkanes:
CH(6)H(14) |
Hexane
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Alkanes:
CH(7)H(16) |
Heptane
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Alkanes:
CH(8)H(18) |
Octane
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Branched Alkanes
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Alkyl group
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CH3-
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methyl
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CH3CH2-
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ethyl
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CH3CH2CH2-
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propyl
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CH3CH2CH2CH2-
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butyl
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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-
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pentyl
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Cycloalkanes Molecular Formula
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C(n)H(2n)
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Cyclopropane
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C(3)H(6) at -33 C BP
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Cyclobutane
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C(4)H(8) at 12 C BP
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Cyclopentane
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C(5)H(10) at 49 C BP
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Cyclohexane
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C(6)H(12) at 81 C BP
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Cycloheptane
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C(7)H(14) at 119 C BP
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Bond Angle of C(3)H(8)?
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Propane bond angle is 109.5, because it has sp^3 hybridization
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Hybridization of sp^3 bond angle is
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109.5 bond angle
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Cyclopropane is
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volatile
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Methane is
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Volatile
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Cyclohexane molecule
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molecule is a non-aromatic
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Benzene molecule
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molecule is Aromatic
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Aromatic molecular is
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planar like Benzene
non-polar |
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CIS-Isomerism means
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it's on the same side
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TRANS- Isomerism means
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on the opposite side
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Properties at Boiling Point
Cyclohexane vs. hexane |
Cyclohexane is greater than hexane
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What is greater in order in the properties of Alkanes (Saturated Hydrocarbons; C-C)? When it comes to Boiling Point, Melting Point, Density, & Molecular mass
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Cycloalkane > straight-chain alkane > branched alkane
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As you increase the Properties of Alkanes in the Molecular mass. What does the boiling point, melting point, density does?
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The boiling point, melting point, and density increases
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Halogenation of Alkanes will yield
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Alkyl halides
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Alkyl Halides in Medicine three important classes
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-Halothane
-Chloroethane -CFC's |
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Halothane is
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Anesthetic
is an inhalational general anesthetic |
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Chloroethane is
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cooling agent/anesthetic
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CFC's are
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Chlorofluorocarbons
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chlorofluorocarbons does
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destroy the ozone: which increases
the exposure to UV rays |
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non-polar is
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hydrphobic
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Malignant Hyperthermia
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a rare life-threatening condition that is usually triggered by exposure to certain drugs used for general anesthesia
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Halothane and succinylcholine cause a severe reaction called
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Malignant Hyperthermia
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Malignant Hyperthermia is genetically inherited as
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Autosomal dominant
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Succinylcholine is
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a muscle relaxer
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Malignant Hyperthermia cause a dramatic .....
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It causes a dramatic rise in temperature with muscle rigidity followed by tachycardia, acidosis, shock, rhabdomyolsis
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Rhabdomyolysis
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is actively breaking down
muscle (skeletal muscle tissue) rapidly And cause a breakdown products of damaged muscle cells are released into the bloodstream |
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In Malignant Hyperthermia the calcium level
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Calcium (Ca^2+) increases in sarcoplasm (muscle fiber) of the muscle
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Malignant Hyperthermia due to the
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mutation in RYR1 (ryanodine receptor (type 1),
(located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), within skeletal muscle cells that stores calcium) encoding an intracellular calcium ion channel |
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Malignant Hyperthermia clinical features are
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tachycardia, acidosis, shock, rhabdomyolysis
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CFC is also found in
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Propellant hair spray
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