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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes impetigo? |
Either staph or strept bacteria |
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What are the clinical signs of impetigo? |
pustular eruption of skin - vesicles form and rupture forming amber crusts - highly communicable |
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What causes Scarlet Fever |
Strept group A, Beta- hemolytic |
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Who is likely to get scarlet fever? |
arises in pts with tonsillities/pharyngitis, usually age 3-12 yrs old |
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Clinical presentation of Scarlet Fever |
skin rash and strawberry tongue (since bacteria attack blood vessels) |
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What is "strawberry" tongue seen in? |
Scarlett Fever |
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How to treat Scarlet Fever? |
Oral penicillin, to prevent complications that could lead to rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis |
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What is tonsillolithiasis? What does it look like on radiograph? |
Calcified debris in tonsil resulting from recurrent tonsil infections Will see radiopacity at angle of mandible |
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What does a tonsillolithiasis look like clinically? |
a yellowish mass on the tonsil. note: it can cause bad breath |
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How to treat tonsillolithiasis? |
- observe is asymptomatic - enucleate superficial ones - tonsillectomy |
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How is syphilis spread? |
sexual contact or mother to fetus (t. pallidium is very sensitive to drying so not in air) |
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Primary Syphilis |
Chancre- painless ulcer also regional lymphadenopathy heals in 3-8 weeks |
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Secondary Syphilis key signs |
skin rash: diffuse, painless, maculopapular 30% with mucous patches (sensitive white areas on mucosa that may ulcerate. normally multiple). they are raised ovals in the ppt 4-10 weeks after initial infection |
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Tertiary syphilis |
happens after latent period (1-30 yrs after second stage) -no open lesions so non-communicable -vascular problems (CHF, Endartitis, aortic aneurysm) - CNS- Psychosis, dementia, death -Gumma -Glossitis |
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It which syphilis stage do you see gumma? |
3 |
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In which syphilis stage do you see chancre |
1 |
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How to treat syphilis? |
penicillin |
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During which syphilis stage is congenital syphilis transmitted? |
any stage, including latency |
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What can congenital syphilis lead to? |
miscarriage, still birth, or congenital malformations including Hutchinson's incisors and multberry molars |
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Hutchinson's incisors are a sign of _____ |
congenital syphilis |
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night sweats, chills, and a productive cough are characteristic of _____ |
Tuberculosis |
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What is scrofula? |
possibly a variant form of TB where you get swellings of cervical lymph nodes from milk infected by M. Bovis |
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How is TB transmitted? |
airborne droplets |
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What causes TB? Do a lot of people have TB? |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Yes, 1 bill new cases each year. Only 5-10% infected progress to active disease |
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How to treat Tuberculosis? |
multi-agent regimen - Isoniazid (INH) + rifampin for 9 months |
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Is TB on the rise? |
Yes, it has been since the 80's with HIV epidemic, immigration, and breakdown of public health |
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What causes Leprosy? |
Mycobacterium leprae |
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Clinical presentation of leprosy |
- thickened, hypopigmented nodules - destroys hair follicles - may cause collapse of bridge of nose |
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How to treat leprosy? |
- rifampin, dapsone for 6 months - follow up |
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Actinomycosis |
disruption of mucosal barrier from poor oral hygiene, root canal, or tonsillitis. - leads to pus coming out neck - push is yellow so referred to as "sulfur granules" |
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Sulfur granules are characteristic of |
actinomycosis |
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Actinomycosis tx |
prolonged course of penicillin (it was a big problem before penicillin) |
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Bartonella henselae causes _____ |
Cat-scratch disease |
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A common cause of chronic region lymphadenopathy in children is _____ |
Cat-scratch disease |
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How many forms of candidiasis are there? |
6 pseudomembranous erythematous median rhomboid glossitis angular cheilitis chronic atrophic hyperplastic |
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Oral thrush is also called _____ |
pseudomembranous candidiasis. (cottage cheese-like that wipes off) |
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Erythematous candidiasis |
red version (shown on tongue in slides) |
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Median rhomboid glossitis |
a form of candidiasis that where the center of the tongue is populated (a red type in the slides) |
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Angular cheilitis |
candidiasis associated lesion. red chapped lips at angles of lips |
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Chronic atrophic candidiasis leads to _____ |
denture stomatitis. leads to redness under denture |
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Hyperplastic candidiasis |
more plaque-like |
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What should hyperplastic candidiasis be treated with? |
clotrimazole troches |
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3 causes of candidiasis |
-Immunocompromised (HIV-AIDS, diabetes, organ transplant - Antibiotic treatment- change in oral environment -Loss of vertical dimension |
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Medications to treat candidiasis |
Nystatin Clotrimazole torches (Mycelex) Also 4 others mentioned in slides |
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The most common SYSTEMIC fungal infection in the US is _________ |
Histoplasmosis |
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Describe Histoplasmosis |
-usually the lungs are affected - normally mild - can also get oral lesions |
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Histoplasmosis oral lesion description |
a solitary, painful, ulcerated lesion. may be white with irregular surface |
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How to treat Histoplasmosis (the disseminated form)? |
Amphotericin B |
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4 deep fungal infections |
Blastomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis (deep fungal infections are rare) |
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Zygomycosis clinical signs |
eats away nose (saprophytic) dark fungi on palate |
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Aspergillosis two types |
non-invasive and invasive forms |
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Non-invasive asperillosis presents as ____ |
an allergic rxn post extraction or endo. |
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Invasive aspergillosis attacks hosts such as |
ones undergoing - chemotheraphy -HIV/AIDS -Transplantion - uncontrolled diabetes (it can cause a tumor) |
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Non-invasive vs. invasive Aspergillosis Tx |
non-invasive: debride. excellent prognosis invasive: debride, Antimycotics: itraconazole or amophotericin B. poor prognosis |
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What causes Toxoplasmosis? |
Toxoplasma gondii (an intracellular protozoan carried by cats) NOT a fungi |
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Trench mouth is also called ______ |
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) |
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Vincent's infection is also called ____ |
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) |
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ANUG can be interchanged with _____ |
NUG (Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis) |
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How does NUG differ from usual gingivitis/periodontitis? |
-usually seen in younger people - during times of stress or war - its appearance - poor oral hygiene - malnutrition |
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Clinical presentation of NUG |
-"punched out" papillae - do an organoleptic test - bad odor - necrotic pseudomembrane - painful and bleeding - may have a systemic s/s (signs and symptoms) |
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"punched out" papillae and bad odor are characteristic of ____ |
NUG |
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Does NUG respond to treatment? |
Yes, rather quickly after cleaning and chlorhexidine rinse |
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Cellulitis results from _____ |
an abscess that cannot drain that then spreads diffusely along fascial planes |
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What is Ludwig's angina |
cellulitis of the submandibular region, normally from infection from mandibular molar tooth |
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Why is Ludwig's angina dangerous? |
it spreads aggressively and rapidly, often to the lateral pharyngeal space and retropharyngeal wall. Then to mediastinum... |
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Ludwig's angina clinical presentation |
-massive swelling of neck -"woody" tongue- (with elevation, posterior enlargement, and protrusion) -dysarthria |
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"woody" tongue is characteristic of _____ |
Ludwig's angina |
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Ludwig's angina tx |
-maintain airway - incision and drain if possible - high dose penicillin, amoxicillin |
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Cellulitis from dental tx can be very dangerous because it can lead to ____ and ___ |
ludwig angina cavernous sinus thrombosis |
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Tx for Cavernous sinus thrombus |
- remove offending tooth - Establish drainage - High IV antibiotics (S. Aureus normally the culprit |
