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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
outer cells |
become placenta |
|
inner cell mass |
becomes embryo |
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totipotent |
stem cells before blastocyst stage that can become any tissue in body |
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pluripotent |
stem cells of inner cell mass and can become any tissue except placenta |
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ectoderm |
skin, NS |
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mesoderm |
body structure (skeleton, muscle, connective tissue, some organs) |
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endoderm |
internal organs |
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neurulation |
begins with thickening of early ectoderm in response to factors released by underlying mesoderm neural plate -------> neural tube neural fold -------> neural crest ends with neuropores closing |
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neurulation pt. 2
|
thicker anterior (cephalic) end ---- brain thinner posterior (tail) end ----SC anterior neuropore closes: 24 days posterior neuropore closes: 26 days |
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somites |
mesodermal cells that make up skeleton, muscles, connective tissue each somite makes connections with SC to make dermatomes |
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neural tube |
MNs preganglionic motor neurons of ANS interneurons astrocytes oligodendrocytes |
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neural crest |
SNs postganglionic motor neurons of ANS Schwann cells pia mater cells arachnoid cells chromatin cells |
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neuroepithelium |
what neurons develop from in the ependymal layer of neural tube |
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radial glial cells |
assist in migration of neurons differentiate into astrocytes when job is done |
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early neural tube |
ependymal mantle marginal zones |
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SC migration |
ends in mantle zone MNs send axons through marginal layer SNs send axons in the marginal layer into mantle layer (cell bodies lie outside of CNS) |
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Cerebellum/Cerebrum migration |
continues into marginal layer axons point in mantle layer eventually disappears |
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sulcus limitans |
limiting groove divides upper (dorsal) alar plate from lower (ventral) basal plate continues into brainstem but not diencephalon |
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alar plate |
interneurons that receive input from axons of SNs |
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basal plate |
cell bodies of MNs |
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encephalization |
expansion of brain |
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3 vesicles |
prosencephalon - telencephalon, diencephalon mesencephalon rhombencephalon - metencephalon, myelencephalon |
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telecephalon |
cerebral cortex, BG lateral ventricle |
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diencephalon |
thalamus, hypothalamus 3rd ventricle |
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metencephalon |
pons, cerebellum 4th ventricle |
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myelencephalon
|
medulla 4th ventricle |
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optic vesicle |
rudimentary eye/retina emerges from diencephalon |
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infundibulum |
connects pituitary gland to diencephalon |
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rhinencephalon |
buds off telencephalon and will form olfactory bulb |
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hypothalamic sulcus |
begins where sulcus limitans ends (after mesencephalon) separates dorsal from ventral in telencephalon and diencephalon |
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microcephaly |
during later phases of encephalization, alcohol consumption leads to small brain characterizes fetal alcohol syndrome |
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synaptic pruning |
cells that have already migrated, continue to develop through growth of dendrites, axons, synaptic connections continues until puberty, until pruning (declining) occurs |