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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anxiolytics
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antianxiety drugs
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psychological components of anxiety
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fear
apprehension dread uneasiness |
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physical components of anxiety
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tachychardia
palpitations TREMBLING dry mouth sweating weakness fatigue shortness of breath |
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six classes of primary anxiety disorders
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1.Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
2.panic disorder 3.OCD 4.Phobias 5. PTSD 6. Acute stress disorder |
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sedatives
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-decrease NEURAL activity
-moderate excitement -CALM the person taking the drug |
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hypnotics
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-drugs that produce DROWSINESS
-facilitate the onset and maintenance of SLEEP |
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benzodiazepines
(mechanism of action) |
increase response to GABA
-entry of Cl-HYPERPOLARIZES the cell making it more difficult to depolarize and therefore reduce neural excitability |
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benzodiazepines Pharmacokinetics
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-lipid soluble
-easily cross the BBB -generally have RAPID onset of actions -persist longer in high fat to lean body mass****** -abuse liability |
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benzodiazepines
(effects of) |
-reduction of anxiety and agression
-sedation and sleep -muscle spasm relaxants -anticonvulsant -amnesia |
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alprazolam
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-benzodiazepine
-SHORT term and LONG term -half life --> 12 hrs -metabolized by hepatic enzymes -70% protein bound -HIGHLY ABUSED ...#1 cause of hospital admissions. |
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diazepam (valium)
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-benzodiazepine
-effective for anxiety (combined with depression or schizo) -LONG acting 1-3 days -hepatic metabolism to ACTIVE metab. -given ORALLY -used in status epileptcus |
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lorazepam (Ativan)
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-SHORT acting
-half life 10 to 20 hrs -peak action 2 to 4 hours -RAPIDLY absorbed -DOES NOT produce active metabolites -given IM, PO (oral) and IV |
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insomnia-
symptoms |
-difficulty FALLING asleep
-awakening FREQUENTLY during the night -waking up too EARLY |
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Flurazepam
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benzodiazepine
-reduces sleep INDUCTION time and NUMBER of awakenings -increases DURATION of sleep -effective up to 4 weeks -2.3 half life -20-250 h plasma half life -long half life of its metabolite (47-100h) peak hypnotic effect of flurazepam may be reached afer 2-3 nights of use. |
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temazepam
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- REDUCES FREQUENT wakening
-PEAK effect occurs 2-3 hr after an ORAL dose. -recommended for SHORT term use of 7 to 10 days -half life 11+ 6 hrs . (INTERMEDIATE acting) |
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Triazolam
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-benzodiazepines
-induces sleep in patients with recurring INSOMNIA. -tolerance develops in days withdrawl..--> insomnia and anterograde amnesia -used for less than 2-4 weeks -half life 3 hrs SHORT acting peak action 1-2 hrs -may cause sever allergic reaction |
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insomia drugs
properties |
less potent benzodiazepines continute to induce sleep after they are stopped
higher potent has higher withdrwal |
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Zolpidem (Ambien)
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-Non benzodiazepiene GABA agonists (inhibitory transmitter)
-hypnotic agent -treat INSOMNIA -bind to BZ1 type 1 receptor. |
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Ezopiclone (Lunesta)
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non benzodiazepiene GABA agonist
-hypnotic agent -treats insomnia -uknown mechanism of action receptor may be near benzodiazepine receptor |
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SSRI;s
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-inhibitors of serotonin reuptake
-intensify transmission at serotogenic synapse. -BLOCKAGE occurs QUICKLY --> therapeutic EFFECT is SLOW to develop -well absorbed ->90% is bound to plasma proteins |
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SSRI's
(side effects) |
sexual dysfunction
weight gain withdrawl syndrome ***never use with MAOI's |
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Buspiron
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-5HT1A agonist
-not chemically or pharmacologically related to benzodiazepines, barbituates or other sedative/anxiolytic drugs |
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Buspiron
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-different drug from benzodiazepines
-onset of effect requires several days -NO SEDATION -NO risk of DEPENDANCE -does not intensify effects of benzodiazepines alcohol -SHORT term treatment of anxiety. |
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Buspiron
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better for older poepl than alprezolam (benzodiazepine)
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Barbituate
(side effects) |
addiction, drowsiness tremors , vertigo, tremors, nausea, enzyme induction
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