Lecture 3

Front 1

Northwestrebellion of 1885

Back 1

*Significant because it shows the tension between French andEnglish and ultimately leads to execution of Louis Riel, where the politicscomes into play• *Threecauses of NW Rebelliono 1.National policy terror – West didn’t like it because tariffs made things moreexpensiveo 2.Rumours that Manitoba government will stop duel funding for schools in theprovince (which was guaranteed under Manitoba Act)o 3.Canadian Pacific Railway – esp. disgruntles native peoples because of theirconnection to the land and because they just started farming• Westturns to Louis Riel as a leader – sets up provincial government and writes alist of demands, arms people• *Rebellionsbreak out and last 2 months during Winter of 1885• MacDonaldhears about violence and immediately sends in troops from Central Canada andthe West

Front 2

Executionof Louis Riel

Back 2

Significant because it divides the Conservative party anddivides the nation• LouisRiel is brought up on treason charges, found guilty and sentenced to be hungo Frenchmembers of cabinet are suggesting that they commute his death sentenceo Englishthink he should hang• MacDonaldis confident about his support in Quebec, so he doesn’t commute Riel’s sentencee\

Front 3

Oliver Mowat and the Compact Theory of Confederation

Back 3

Significant because he is the father of provincial rights• MacDonaldsupports strong central government, Mowat says power lies in the hands of theprovinceso Theydon’t like each other – Mowat was his protégé but left him for the Liberals• CompactTheory: belief that power resides at the level of the provinces – Canada ismade up of EQUAL provinces, and that any federal legislation must be agreed onby the provincesalt]_

Front 4

John Labatt II

Back 4

Significant because he lobbies the government in 1885 for arepeal of the Scot Act• Labattand Carling visit MacDonald at his home to convince him to be anti-prohibition• JohnLabatt II makes Labatt a modern companyo Usesrailroad to get around Ontario

Front 5

Inside lobbying

Back 5

Definition: takes place behind closed doors between theinterested parties involved• Compareto outside lobbying• Debateover a wet/dry Canadamodern

Front 6

Dr. Emily Jennings Stowe (1831-1903)

Back 6

Significant because she is a voice for temperance andprohibition and she lobbies for women having the vote• Idea atthe time is that women and men are better suited to separate spheres: women arebetter in the home, men are better in the public domain• Stowecomes out of Quaker household, goes to teaching school, becomes first principalin Canada, marries a physician who got TB later on, goes to multipleuniversities and colleges until an American college accepts her into themedical program, gets a medical degree and returns to Canada, applies in Canadato become doctor, her certificate is refused but she practices anyways, nurseshusband back to health• Supportsa dry Canada and lets MacDonald know her opinion – he procrastinates because itis such a dividing issue and does nothing-iu\�͡�=

Front 7

Dominion Franchise Act 1885 women

Back 7

Significant for what it doesn’t do – does not give the voteto women, aboriginal peoples and Chinese immigrants• Extendsfranchise to more men: no longer need to be a property owner to vote• Qualification:must make over $300 bucks a year, which is most of the working population

Front 8

Edward Blake (1833-1912)

Back 8

Significant because he is leader of the Liberal partybetween 1880-1887• Liberalparty wanted to forget him because he was never elected – he had strengths thatwere outweighed by his weaknesses• Strengths:1. Smart guy 2. Great talker 3. Defends provincial rights• Weaknesses:1. Talks to much and alienates his own party 2. Lacks charisma 3. Tooideological

Front 9

JesuitEstates Act (1888)

Back 9

Significant because it shows that MacDonald is determined,after the election of 1887, to build support for the Conservative party inQuebec• Macdonaldis called up by the Devil’s Dozen to strike down this legislation (whichsupports French Catholics) – works with Laurier (a liberal) to preventbackbenchers from coming forward

Front 10

The ‘Devil’s Dozen’

Back 10

Break with conservative party of Jesuit Estates Act• Partyunity is challenging• 13conservatives

Front 11

Manitobaschool question

Back 11

Significant because it is the question of equal funding forRoman Catholic French schools in the province of Quebec• Questiondrifts away, then comes back up after MacDonald is deadDeath of Sir John A. MacDonald (2)• Significantbecause it is the beginning of the end for the conservative party• MacDonaldhas a stroke – it looks like he may pull through, but on May 29 1891 he hasanother strokee\=

Front 12

The caretaker Prime Ministers

Back 12

Significant because they explain why the Conservative partycan’t get its act together in the Election of 1896• Include:Abbott, Thompson, Bowels, Tupper• Loseelection of 1896 and liberal party is on the rise

Front 13

Wilfred Laurier (1841-1919)

Back 13

Significant because he is a MacDonald-like figure in Liberalclothing and is Canada’s first French-Canadian PM, pragmatist thru and thru• Grows upin rural Quebec – mother dies when he was young – loner in his youth• Doesn’tbelieve in equal funding between public and religious schools• Pragmatist:plays out in the liquor questiontr\=

Front 14

Outside lobbying

Back 14

Wets have gone quiet on the liquor question• Drys wantdrier society – have realized its not a political battle, but a fight for thehearts and minds of Canadians: do this thru outside lobbying• Definition:attempt by special interest groups to change the culture around an issue and toinfluence the way people think and feel about a particular subject – in thiscase, boozeon�\���=

Front 15

Health readers

Back 15

Significant because they are an example of outside lobbyingand are an attempt by the drys to get the youngest and most vulnerableCanadians on their side• Healthreaders contain information about the dangers of booze• Convinceyoung people that booze is evil so when plebiscite rolls around, youth areolder and can votem�\�2��=

Front 16

NationalPlebiscite on Prohibition (1898)

Back 16

Significant because it shows that Laurier is a pragmatist• 51.2% forand 48.8% against• Laurierdecides not to pass legislation, even though there is the majority for ito Oppositionin Quebec was overwhelming, and he needs to keep Quebec in play if he wants towin the next election