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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which winds in the southern hemisphere set up the gyrus? |
The SE trade winds and the westerlies |
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Which winds in the northern hemisphere cause the gyrus? |
NE trade winds and westerlies |
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What is the eastern boundary current? |
-carries colder water from the polar and to the equator -shallow, broad, slow-moving |
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What is the western boundary current? |
-carries warm water from the equator to the polar -warm, deep, narrow, fast -forms on the west side |
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Why are there palm trees in England? |
warm water from the gulf stream goes up to northern europe |
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Describe the normal pacific circulation |
Strong trade winds move from east to west There is cold water near south america and warm water and low pressure near australia. High pressure in east pacific which drives easterly winds to the west. Thermocline is close to surface water and upwelling occurs. |
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Characteristics of of Pacific ocean during la nina |
-increased pressure difference across equatorial pacific -stronger trade winds -stronger upwelling in eastern pacific -shallower thermocline -cooler than normal seawater -higher biological activity |
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Characteristics of Pacific ocean during El nino |
-high pressure in eastern pacific weakens -weaker tradewinds -warm pool migrates eastward -thermocline deeper in eastern pacific -downwelling -lower biological activity |
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Stronger trade winds...el nino or la nina? |
la nina |
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shallower thermocline....el niño or la nina? |
la nina |
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stronger upwelling in eastern pacific... el nino or la nina? |
la nina |
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higher biological activity..... el nino or la nina |
la nina |
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increased pressure difference across equatorial pacific.... el nino or la nina? |
la nina |
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weaker trade winds.... el nino or la nina? |
el nino |
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high pressure in eastern pacific weakens |
el nino |
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warm pool migrates eastward |
el nino |
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thermocline deeper in eastern pacific |
el nino |
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downwelling |
el nino |
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lower biological productivity |
el nino |
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How is the pressure in el nino in the eastern pacific? |
low |
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In el nino the wind blows from..... to...... |
west to east (Asia to peru) |
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In la nina the wind blows from .... to ..... |
east to west ( peru to asia) |
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How is the pressure in la nina in eastern pacific? |
high |
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Is there warm water in the eastern pacific in la nina? |
no there is cold water |
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What happens to the temperature in el nino near peru? |
The temperature of the water increases. |
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Phases can have long term effects. |
.... |
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Impacts of on US |
-increased surf -lower hurricane activity -increased rain across us -mild conditions on west coat |
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What drives the wind in the North Atlantic Oscillation? |
the pressure difference between tropics and temperate regions |
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How is a positive phase created? |
strong low pressure and strong subtropical high pressure which generates wet and warm area |
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How is a negative phase created? |
weak low pressure and a weak subtropical high pressure which creates colder and drier area |
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For which animals is the positive North Atlantic Oscillation not good? |
sheep and sea cod larvae |
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For which animals is the positive North Atlantic oscillation good? |
Snow crab |
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What is seen with respect to the NAO? |
sea level change |
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Formula for density |
mass/volume |
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How does density change |
with temperature and salinity |
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Wind is a controlling factor for....? |
surface currents |
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Density is a controlling factor for....? |
deeper sea |
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Density increases with ...... |
decreasing temperature increasing salinity |
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salinity increases with .... |
evaporation or ice formation |
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from 4 degree to 0 degree density of water..... as temperature..... |
decreases, decreases
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The maximum temperature is at what temperature? |
3.98 |
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Has water or ice a lower density? |
ice |
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At 0 degree celsius we have a abrupt decrease in density. |
..... |
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What is thermocline? |
abrupt change pf temperature with depth |
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Halocline? |
abrupt change of salinity with depth |
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Pycnocline? |
abrupt change of density with depth |
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In high latitude oceans we have.... |
same temperature profile same density profile |
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same density profile is called? |
isopycnal |
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same temperature profile? |
isothermal |
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The reason why in high latitude oceans we have isothermal and isopycnal is? |
well mixed |
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What are the differences in the ocean in temperate systems during winter and summer? |
Winter--> larger mixed layer, thermocline has moved down Summer--> small mixed layer, thermocline is up |
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Where does the thermohaline circulation occur? |
below the pycnodine |
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What is the thermohaline circulation? |
this is how 90 percent of the ocean water gets mixed |
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How is the velocity of the thermohaline circulation? |
slow |
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The movement of the thermohaline circulation is caused by? |
differences in density ( Temperature and salinity) |
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How is the density of cooler seawater? |
denser |
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How is the density of saltier seawater? |
denser |
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characteristics of North Atlantic Deep water |
cold and salty |
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characteristics of antarctic intermediate water |
oxygenated |
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characteristics of antarctic bottom water> |
salty very cold |
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Convergenze zone? |
where things come together |
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divergence zone? |
where things move apart |
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the movement of water is driven by a variation is salinity and temperature which affects density |
..... |
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What drives the conveyor belt circulation? |
density |
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What effect does the climate change have on the conveyor belt? |
might break down the conveyor belt |
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Waves are driven by what? |
wind |
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air/ocean interface is the |
ocean wave (what we see the most) |
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air/air interface |
atmospheric wave |
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water/water interface |
internal phase |
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What moves the water and creates wave? |
friction between wind and water |
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What is a splash wave? |
beach wave, coastal landslides, calving icebergs |
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What is a seismic sea wave or tsunami? |
sea floor movement |
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What is tides? |
gravitational attraction among moon, sun, and earth |
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What is wake? |
ships |
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What happens to the wavelength and velocity of waves when they approach the shore and touch the bottom? |
decreases, decreases |
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when the depth < 1/2 wavelength .... |
waves touch bottom |
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How are rip currents created? |
long currents suddenly run offshore |
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How do get out of a rip current |
swim parallel of the shore |
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Are the waves bigger at shallow water or at deep? |
shallow |
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Where do waves slow down more at shallow water or deep? |
At shallow water |
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At the bay the energy ..... |
is less |
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At headland the energy is |
more |
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How us a tsunami created? |
through volcanic eruption, tectonic plates slipping, seismic activity ( earthquake) |
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Tsunami waves move very quickly and are small at first. Tsunami is a deep water wave. They get big when they reach shallow water and the sped is decreased. |
...... |
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By what are internal waves created? |
tides |
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Where does the internal wave exist? |
between low density water and high density water |
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The internal wave is associated with? |
change of density with depth (pycnocline) |
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Internal waves can be possible hazard for submarines but it can also transport organisms from one place to another. The internal wave is larger than surface wave. |
..... |
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What influences a tide? |
moon, sun ,and earth rotation |
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When the moon and earth are parallel high tide is created on top and bottom and low tide on the sides. |
..... |
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When the sun and the moon are in alignment is creates the gravitational pull is enhances and creates higher tides called.... |
spring tide |
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Moon's gravitational force is .... times greater than the sum |
6 |
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The gravitational force of an object is influenced by |
mass and density |
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Ideally we have ...high tides and....low tide |
2,2 |
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seawater moves on shore |
high tide, flood tide |
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seawater moves offshore |
low tide, ebb tide |
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mixed tide means.... |
2 high, 2 low but they are in different magnitudes |
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Which tide is the most common? |
mixed tide |
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semidiunal tide? |
2 high same magnitude, 2 low same magnitude |
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diunial tide? |
1 high and 1 low in 24 hours |
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What is a spring tide? |
sun, Moon and earth are in line get the strongest tide |
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What is a neap tide? |
Moon and earth are in line and sun and earth are in line creates the smallest tide |
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What are a estuaries? |
mixing of ocean water with fresh water from river |
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where do tides have the biggest impact? |
estuaries |
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As you move up to the estuary the salinity is gonna..... |
decrease |
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the density of river water is high or low? |
low |
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Characteristics of a highly stratified estuary? |
-freshwater moves above seawater -have strong picnocline |
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Characteristics of a moderately stratified estuary? |
-you get a decrease in salinity - vertically salinity varies a little bit -the deeper salinity exceeds surface salinity |
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Characteristics of a vertically homogeneous salinity? |
is vertically completely mixed |
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... and .... are what determine which type of estuary. |
wind and tide |
