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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Below 50 CD4+ Cells
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Increased risk for opportunistic infections including MAC (fungal) and CMV. Continue preventative medication.
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Why is a low viral load good?
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A low, stable, and decreasing viral load is good because increasing levels call for attention as it may point to the failure of a regimen.
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What is considered a low viral load?
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Below 10,000 copies is generally considered "low"
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What is considered a high viral load?
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Viral load above 100,000 copies is generally considered "high"
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What is a considered a high viral load for women?
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Women have a naturally lower viral load. Above 30,000 or even 60,000 would be "high" for them.
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If you have an undetectable viral load is your HIV gone?
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No, HIV is still there but just to small of a quantity to detect.
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What are some routine tests for HIV positives?
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Chest X-Rays to look for tuberculosis, Pap Smears for women, anal pap to look for damage caused by HPV, hepatitis serology to look for hepatitis, toxoplasmosis serology (cat scratch fever)
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What are the goals of HIV treatment?
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prolong life and improve quality of life, suppress HIV levels below the limit of detection, optimize and extend the use of current therapy, and minimize drug toxicity and manage side effects and drug interactions.
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The replication cycle of HIV Stage 1:
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HIV binds to CD4 cell surface molecules, entry into the cell also requires binding to co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5). This step can be inhibited by fusion/entry inhibitors.
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The replication cycle of HIV Stage 2:
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HIV is uncoated inside the cell and reverse transcriptase copies genomic RNA into DNA, making errors at a frequency of about one per replication cycle. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors were the first class of HIV inhibitors to be used as drugs.
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The replication cycle of HIV Stage 3:
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Viral DNA can integrate into host DNA and become a part of the cellular genome. This step makes the infection irreversible, and may mean that eliminating the virus from an infected individual is not possible. Integrase inhibitors are designed to block this step of infection.
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The replication cycle of HIV Stage 4:
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The virus uses cellular machinery to synthesize viral proteins. Several of these are long amino acid chains which must be cleaved by a specific viral protease before new viral particles can become active. Protease inhibitors block viral maturation at this step.
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What is the mode of action for raltegravir?
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integrase inhibitor
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What is Atripla?
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contains three antiretroviral drugs used to fight HIV. One tablet once a day compared to 16 tablets spread out throughout the day.
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What is inside of Atripla?
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non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (efavirenz) and two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (emtricitabine and tenofovir)
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What is combination therapy, or HAART?
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taking two or more antiretroviral drugs at the same time vastly reduces the rate at which resistance develops.
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What does HAART stand for?
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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
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What is Abacavir (ABC)?
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the most powerful nucleoside analog used to treat HIV/AIDs
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what is 3TC?
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Also known as Iamivudine is an antiretroviral that works in the same way as AZT
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what is AZT?
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zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
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what is a flipped ratio?
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The CD4:CD8 ratio is usually approximately 2:1 but in HIV infected people, the ratio flips and is approximately 1:2 b/c CD4 cell count drops due to HIV killing it and the CD8 cells stay the same. Split ratio
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