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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathogenic Fungi: Diagnosis & Identification |
•Differential media: Sabouraud dextrose sugar •Stains such as •Gomori methenamine silver •KOH •Immunofluorescence stain |
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Pathogenic Fungi: Treatments (don't have peptidoglycan & resistant to drugs) |
•Amphotericin B - binds to ergosterol, cause increases in membrane permeability •Azole drugs - affect the cytochrome P450 system & interferes with formation of ergosterol •Fluconazole •Itraconazole •Ketoconazole •Griseofulvin- interferes with microtubule formation •5 -fluorocytosine - inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis |
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Histoplasma Capsulatum (produce sexual spores) |
•Intracellular parasite, 2 phases - multicellular mycelium phase & unicellular yeast phase,able to survive in phagosomes •Transmission through feces of bats & birds |
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Histoplasmosis |
•Asymptomatic •Develop in Immunocompromised patients •African histoplasmosis - involves skins and bone •Cutaneous histoplasmosis - skin lesion •Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis - immunocompromised patients, organ enlargement •Pulmonary histoplasmosis - inhalation of spores, usually in patients with pre-existing lung disease |
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Coccidioidomycosis |
•Dimorphic,inhalation of spores causes disease •C. Immitis, C. Posadasii •Asymptomatic, Symptomatic patients have pneumonia •Present with Erythema Nodosum, Fever & Joint pains •Small % develop chronic coccidioidomycosis •Meningitis, Joint, and Bone |
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Blastomyces |
•Dimorphic •B.dermatitidis •Chronic & disseminate throughout the body •Causes pneumonia like disease •Cells get trapped in capillaries & cause lesions, usually cutaneous •Lead to ARDS (acute respiratory disorder syndrome) |
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Pneumocystis: Pneumocystis jirovecii (doesn't cause in healthy individuals) |
•Obligate Parasite (live w/in host), common pathogen, majority of children (age 6) have been exposed,producing silent infections •Treatment with pentamidine |
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Pneumocystis: Pneumocystis pneumonia |
•Patients whose CD4+ levels are below 200 cells/µL •Treatment with pentamidine |
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Candida (huge fruit) |
•Only in yeast form, opportunistic & causes systemic disease in immunocompromised patients •Form of disease depends on location/tissue infected •Most common is Candida Albicans |
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Aspergillus |
•Hyphae branches at a 45° angle •Liver damage by causing hepatic necrosis •Mycotoxin produce aflatoxins •Aspergillosis usually appear in patients w/pre-existing lung diseases •Invasive aspergillosis - immunosuppressed patients & patients with COPD, high mortality, pneumonia like symptoms & rapid hypoxemia |
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Most common aspergillus pathogens? |
•A. Flavus •A. Fumigatus |
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Aspergillosis: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
•Patients w/asthma or cystic fibrosis •Cause asthma flare ups |
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Aspergillosis: Aspergilloma (x-ray, cat scan) |
•Asymptomatic •Occurs in patients w/pre-existing lung conditions like Sarcoidosis, TB & other lung diseases creating a cavity in the lung. •Presence of fungal ball on radiographs |
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Aspergillosis: Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis |
•Patients with alcoholism or steroid dependent COPD. •Aspergillus unresponsive to antibiotics & causes progressive lung damage over weeks - months |
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Cryptococcus |
•Encapsulated yeast •C Gattii, C. Neoformans •Spores deposited in the alveoli of lungs •Survival dependent on organism being phagocytized by pulmonary macrophages |
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Cryptococcosis |
•Affect immunocompromised individuals •Types of infection include CNS, Disseminated & Pulmonary •CNS cryptococcosis •Disseminated cryptococcosis •Pulmonary cryptococcosis |
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CNS cryptococcosis |
•Common manifestations: Meningitis & meningoencephalitis •Fatal if untreated •Causes Altered mental status, Fever, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting |
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Pulmonary cryptococcosis |
•Presentation range from relatively asymptomatic to ARDS •Pneumonia like symptoms •Cavitations can occur |
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Cryptococcosis other common manifestations include? |
•Bone lesions - usually Osteolytic •Cutaneous- Draining sinuses, Nodules, Ulcers |
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Dermatophytoses, infection by fungi group dermatophyte |
•Epidermophyton •Microsporum •Trichophyton •Transmission through direct contact |
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Dermatophytoses |
•Tinea capitis (skull head) •Tinea corporis (body) •Tinea cruris (crotch) •Tinea pedis (feet) •Tinea manuum (hands) |
