Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Explain how you determine whether an organism should use either the manipulative or cooperative strategy.
|
Hamilton's rule:
r(N-1)delta R + delta S >0 if this inequality is satisfied, M is favored over C N = # of individuals in a social group r= avg relatedness to manipulator delta R= change in output delta S= manipulator's change in output |
|
What conditions predict that a POTENTIAL conflict will occur?
|
Delta R <0 and Delta S > 0
|
|
This potential conflict may not result in actual confluct if...(3)
|
1) policing by other group memebers sufficie4ntly reduces Delta S
2)the genetic relatedness (r) is sufficiently high 3)Delta R is sufficiently negative (and R>0) |
|
What's the definition of actual conflict?
|
The expression of manipulative and counter-manipulative strategies within a group.
|
|
What is the first example of policing?
|
Naked mole rats: shoving by queen
|
|
What are the 3 hypotheses for why queens shove?
|
1. Mate choice hypothesis
2. Deters Reproductive Challenges (Threat Reduction Hypothesis) 3. Activates lazy workers (Activity incitation hypothesis). |
|
What are strong shoving trends (3)?
|
1) closer kin shoved at lower rate
2) larger animals get shoved more frequently 3) shove rate same for males and females (control for relatedness and body size) |
|
What are the 3 important conclusions of shoving?
|
1) Queen's shoving does function to incite colony--makes them become more active
2)shoving more directed toward intrinsically lazier (larger, less related) individuals. 3) The "work conflict" underlying shoving behavior is context specific (ex: usually happens in satiated environments) |
|
The other example of policing is in_____________.
|
Paper wasps
|
|
Describe the context of how paper wasp colonies work and how cheating/policing fits.
|
In paper wasps, there is a distinct division of labor BUT the queen sometimes lets workers reproduce just to keep them around longer.
|
|
the idea of policing is that
|
a selfish act (cheating) plus another selfish act (policing) = harmony
|
|
sooo what prevents reproductive cheating amoung foundresses?
|
social supression via punishment
|
|
Explain why there's a mother-fetus conflict in humans.
|
b/c fetus and mother not genetically identical, there are genetic conflicts over how much nutrition the fetus requires. Mom wants a more equal distribution of nutrition for future pregnancies (r to kids = 1/2). But the fetus is very selfish (r to itself is 1).
|
|
What are 3 pieces of evidence that support this mother-fetus conflict theory?
|
1)high maternal blood pressure (can lead to kidney failure)
2) vasoconstrictors (fetus)and vasodilators (mom) are both elevated during pregnancy 3) placenta produces cytotoxins that damage arteries of mom-->maternal bl pressure --> blood flow to placenta |