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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In what year were cells discovered and by whom?
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Robert Hooke, 1665
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4 principles of Cell Theory...
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1. Building blocks of life 2. Produced from division of existing cells 3. Smallest functional unit 4. Maintain homeostasis at cellular level
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Homeostasis (in the cell)
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The cell regulates it's environment to maintain stability. i.e. letting nutrients in and waste out
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Prokaryotic cells
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simple structure, no nucleus, usually single-celled. e.g. bacteria or archaea
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Eukaryotic cells
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Complex structure, DNA contained in nucleus, single or multi-celled. e.g. animals, plants, fungi
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Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases.
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Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - transport gases. Fibroblasts - the most common cells of connective tissue. Epithelial - Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form many glands.
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Cells that move organs and body parts..
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Skeletal muscle cell - most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendons. Smooth muscle cells - is an involuntary non-striated muscle
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Cell that stores nutrients
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Fat cell - 1g or fat stores 2x more than carbohydrates or protein so the liver converts these to fat (easier to store)
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Cell that fights disease
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Macrophage (white blood cells) - engulf and then digest cellular debris and pathogens. Stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to pathogens
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Cell that gather information and controls body functions
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Nerve cell
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Cell of reproduction
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Sperm
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Structure of Human Cells
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Cell membrane - encases cell contents, nucleus - contains DNA, cytoplasm - organelles and cytosol
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Plasma (Cell) Membrane (6-10nm)
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Forms a barrier to extracellular area, regulates what comes in/goes out, contains receptors to outside signals, provides support (not a rigid )
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Components of the Plasma Membrane..
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Phospholipid bilayer, Membrane proteins, Carbohydrates, Cholesterol
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Phospholipid bilayer
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Covers most surface of cell (42% of membrane weight). Arranged in two layers - Hydrophilic (water loving) and Hydrophobic (water hating)
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Membrane proteins
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55% of membrane weight, anchor cell, recognition system, enzymes, receptor proteins, carrier proteins, transport gates and channels
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Carbohydrates
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3% of membrane weight, usually bound to existing compounds, Glycoproteins & Glycolipids, binding and recognition sites
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Cholesterol
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Helps membrane suppleness
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