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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
In what year were cells discovered and by whom?
Robert Hooke, 1665
4 principles of Cell Theory...
1. Building blocks of life 2. Produced from division of existing cells 3. Smallest functional unit 4. Maintain homeostasis at cellular level
Homeostasis (in the cell)
The cell regulates it's environment to maintain stability. i.e. letting nutrients in and waste out
Prokaryotic cells
simple structure, no nucleus, usually single-celled. e.g. bacteria or archaea
Eukaryotic cells
Complex structure, DNA contained in nucleus, single or multi-celled. e.g. animals, plants, fungi
Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases.
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - transport gases. Fibroblasts - the most common cells of connective tissue. Epithelial - Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form many glands.
Cells that move organs and body parts..
Skeletal muscle cell - most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendons. Smooth muscle cells - is an involuntary non-striated muscle
Cell that stores nutrients
Fat cell - 1g or fat stores 2x more than carbohydrates or protein so the liver converts these to fat (easier to store)
Cell that fights disease
Macrophage (white blood cells) - engulf and then digest cellular debris and pathogens. Stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to pathogens
Cell that gather information and controls body functions
Nerve cell
Cell of reproduction
Sperm
Structure of Human Cells
Cell membrane - encases cell contents, nucleus - contains DNA, cytoplasm - organelles and cytosol
Plasma (Cell) Membrane (6-10nm)
Forms a barrier to extracellular area, regulates what comes in/goes out, contains receptors to outside signals, provides support (not a rigid )
Components of the Plasma Membrane..
Phospholipid bilayer, Membrane proteins, Carbohydrates, Cholesterol
Phospholipid bilayer
Covers most surface of cell (42% of membrane weight). Arranged in two layers - Hydrophilic (water loving) and Hydrophobic (water hating)
Membrane proteins
55% of membrane weight, anchor cell, recognition system, enzymes, receptor proteins, carrier proteins, transport gates and channels
Carbohydrates
3% of membrane weight, usually bound to existing compounds, Glycoproteins & Glycolipids, binding and recognition sites
Cholesterol
Helps membrane suppleness