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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what are biological pathways

a series of reactions in a cell that lead to a certain product

ArgA gene has what two alleles and which one is functioning

A- functional




a-non-functional

AA genotype of ArgA will be (functional/non-functional) and (active/inactive)

functional and active

Aa genotype of ArgA will be (functional/non-functional) and (active/inactive)

functional and active

aa genotype of ArgA will be (functional/non-functional) and (active/inactive)

non-functional and inactive

Arginine is only made when...

3 enzymes (ArgA, ArgB, ArgD) are functional

the null hypothesis says what about values

observed values are NOT different from expected values

the null hypothesis says what about gene assortment

genes are independently assorted and NOT linked

degree of freedom will always be ______ for two traits

ONE

if the chi squared value is more than the given amount, and the probability is p >0.05 what happens with the null hypothesis

it is rejected

give what happens with the null hypothesis and what it means for gene assortment




when the chi squared value > "given number"


and p<0.05

rejected




genes are independently assorted and linked

give what happens with the null hypothesis and what it means for gene assortment when the chi squared value < "given number"and p>0.05

accept null hypothesis




genes are independently assorted and genes are NOT linked

recombination maps are based on what two things

recombination frequency and hypothetical map

physical maps are based on what two things

sequencing




base pairs

the unit for physical maps are

base pairs

what is crossing over

breakage of two DNA molecules at the same position and their rejoining in two reciprocal recombinant combinations

what is homologous recombination

exchange of genetic information between homologous DNA

what is a molecular HOTSPOT

elevated recombination frequency

what are molecular blocks

crossover is supressed

crossing over occurs during _______________

prophase I

function of endonuclease

break phosphodiester bond

what is step one of crossing over

DOUBLE STRAND BREAK

ONE dsDNA is cut by endonuclease
what is step 2 of crossing over

RESECTION




remove nucleotide at end of the two broken strands producing two 3' single stranded tails

what is step 3 of crossing over

STRAND INVASION




single stranded nucleoproteins invade non-sister chromatids and form dsDNA with non-sister chromatid




then the replaced stranf becoms single stranded

what is step 4 of crossing over

FORMATION OF DOUBLE HOLLIDAY JUNCTION




invading 3' single strand tail joins free end on right side of break and D-loop is formed that pairs with broken DNA




the formation of 2 cross-shape structure is the Holiday Junction

what is step 5 of crossing over

BRANCH MIGRATION




holliday junctionsmove along DNA and form heteroduplex

what is step 6 of crossing over

RESOLUTIONS OF HOLLIDAY JUNCTION





first option of step 6 of crossing over

horizontal and horizontal or vertical and vertical BUT EITHER WAY NO CROSSING OVER

second option of step 6 of crossing over

horizontal and vertical or vertical and horizontal BUT EITHER WAY CROSSING OVER DOES OCCUR