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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are biological pathways |
a series of reactions in a cell that lead to a certain product |
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ArgA gene has what two alleles and which one is functioning |
A- functional a-non-functional |
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AA genotype of ArgA will be (functional/non-functional) and (active/inactive) |
functional and active |
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Aa genotype of ArgA will be (functional/non-functional) and (active/inactive) |
functional and active |
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aa genotype of ArgA will be (functional/non-functional) and (active/inactive) |
non-functional and inactive |
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Arginine is only made when... |
3 enzymes (ArgA, ArgB, ArgD) are functional |
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the null hypothesis says what about values |
observed values are NOT different from expected values |
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the null hypothesis says what about gene assortment |
genes are independently assorted and NOT linked |
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degree of freedom will always be ______ for two traits |
ONE |
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if the chi squared value is more than the given amount, and the probability is p >0.05 what happens with the null hypothesis
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it is rejected |
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give what happens with the null hypothesis and what it means for gene assortment when the chi squared value > "given number" and p<0.05 |
rejected genes are independently assorted and linked |
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give what happens with the null hypothesis and what it means for gene assortment when the chi squared value < "given number"and p>0.05 |
accept null hypothesis genes are independently assorted and genes are NOT linked |
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recombination maps are based on what two things |
recombination frequency and hypothetical map |
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physical maps are based on what two things |
sequencing base pairs |
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the unit for physical maps are |
base pairs |
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what is crossing over |
breakage of two DNA molecules at the same position and their rejoining in two reciprocal recombinant combinations |
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what is homologous recombination |
exchange of genetic information between homologous DNA |
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what is a molecular HOTSPOT |
elevated recombination frequency |
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what are molecular blocks |
crossover is supressed |
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crossing over occurs during _______________ |
prophase I |
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function of endonuclease |
break phosphodiester bond |
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what is step one of crossing over |
DOUBLE STRAND BREAK
ONE dsDNA is cut by endonuclease |
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what is step 2 of crossing over
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RESECTION remove nucleotide at end of the two broken strands producing two 3' single stranded tails |
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what is step 3 of crossing over |
STRAND INVASION single stranded nucleoproteins invade non-sister chromatids and form dsDNA with non-sister chromatid then the replaced stranf becoms single stranded |
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what is step 4 of crossing over |
FORMATION OF DOUBLE HOLLIDAY JUNCTION invading 3' single strand tail joins free end on right side of break and D-loop is formed that pairs with broken DNA the formation of 2 cross-shape structure is the Holiday Junction |
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what is step 5 of crossing over
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BRANCH MIGRATION holliday junctionsmove along DNA and form heteroduplex |
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what is step 6 of crossing over |
RESOLUTIONS OF HOLLIDAY JUNCTION |
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first option of step 6 of crossing over |
horizontal and horizontal or vertical and vertical BUT EITHER WAY NO CROSSING OVER |
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second option of step 6 of crossing over |
horizontal and vertical or vertical and horizontal BUT EITHER WAY CROSSING OVER DOES OCCUR |