Lecture 2

Front 1

Thomas D’Arcy McGee

Back 1

getsmacdonald re-interested in politics, macdonald’s drinking buddy, the first andonly Canadian MP to get assassinated, born 1825-1868, irish nationalist forindependence, 1842 goes to the U.S.A., 1845 back to Ireland during Irish famine(1/8th of pop’n dies), there is political unrest , he fights againstbrits in 1848 is wanted in uk, comes back to america and starts writing for anewspaper, over the next 10 years he gets disillusioned with American styledpolitics, he has an intellectual conversion and becomes a celebrator in britishinstitutions, moves to the united canadas in 1857 and gets elected in 1858—hespeaks out against other irish nationalists, denouncing his former nationalistbrothers, has a cabinet position in SJAM’s gov’t, is SJAM’s mouthpiece, theissue in 1867 is the nova scotia repeal movement. -in province of n.s. there is an election April 6 1868: D’ARCY MCGEE gives a speech (2 hours) saysgive confed a fair trial, 2 /3 years, walking along boardwalk home, when hegets to his house a man shoots him from behind, -round up the fenians in Ottawa and interrogate them,Patrick Wayland coming from Montreal is his killer, he’s a fenian, found a gunin his pocket, was sitting in the gallery that night watching McGee give hisspeech -Wayland Feb. 11 1869, last public hanging in Canada,inspires SJAM to keep nation together convLr?Vk

Front 2

NovaScotia repeal movement

Back 2

Canada’s first post confederation separatist movement, (1),SJAM overcomes this movement: has spies everywhere and hears that they aregoing to go to G.B. to ask to be taken back by Britain—sends Charles Tupperpremier of N.S. leading up to confed to talk to the English… tupper is happybecause he hears Britain doesn’t want N.S. back - a few weeks later, Joseph Howe goes over and asks Britainto be taken over, they say no -bunch of separatists want to join untited states, howedoesn’t want that -Macdonald promises Howe: increase federal subsidies by 85%,promises to pump money into Howe’s campaign and can sit on his cabinet, he constructs his cabinet carefully: variousregional and religious backgrounds, -repeal movement is now gone without Howe leading movement

Front 3

Metis resistance

Back 3

shows the regional and linguistic divisions in Canada duringthe 1860’s and 1870’s, Hudson Bay ownsRupertsland and wants to sell it to the dominion of Canada, handover takesplace in 1869, Macdonald wants to put the west on the map, Metis, the offspringof fur traders, they don’t own their land, ontarians also pouring intoManitoba, metis are French and catholic, ont. are English Andre Nault sees gov’t guys carrying chains across yard,tells cousin Louis Riel, 10 Biggest metis to stand on chain Adam Webb stands down -Fort Garry, Metis army goes to attack, they hand over thekeys to them, Riel puts 10 points down to protect religion, land, culture, -Macdonald says its fair, and negotiates with Riel -out in the west a group of nationalists emerge (bigots,Canada first movement, English, protestant,) they attack Fort Garry -Louis takes some of these men and puts them in jail -Thomas Scott, puts him on trial for treason, they shoot himand they execute him, Riel no longer has the moral high ground and the P.M hasto change course, he can’t deal with Riel because those cabinet ministers fromOntario see Riel as a criminal -out of quebec, they see him as a defender of language andreligion -Macdonald decides to send as message that he can’t dealwith Riel, Riel takes off -the negotiations go on, macdon realizes metis are ok andpasses Manitoba act to settle/ compromise

Front 4

Manitoba Act (1870)

Back 4

brings metis resistance to an end 1-brings prov of Manitoba into existence 2-guarentees the land claims of the metis people3-protects the French language and the roman catholicreligion by guaranteeing denominational schools ie: catholic schools andprotestant schools.

Front 5

Pacific Scandal

Back 5

brings down the conservative government, railway-conservatives up for re-election in 1873, not looking good in quebec—going tohave to buy votes, need $360,000, about trading cash for contracts * , SJAMpromised to build railway to join BC with Ontario, Hugh Allan, owner of Allanlines, businessman lots of money, gov’t said take money from Allan to buildrailway, someone finds telegram written to Allan, Macdonald goes on a drinkingbinge, goes to Riveiere de lupe with wife and child- -family looses track ofhim -his own party members won’t stand with him because ofcorruption 1.0,"tr?'Vk

Front 6

Sir John’s Lost Weekend

Back 6

blacksaid he disappears into the woods with a whole bunch of liquor, no historiancan account for where he was,

Front 7

Alexander Mackenzie

Back 7

first liberal p.m, 1874-78 in office, born to a poor farmerin Scotland, the anti macdonald, lacking charisma, cold fish, moralistic, veryjudgy, thinks it’s the job of government to regulate morality and tell thepeople what is right or wrong, successful at electoral reform, elections arenow one day (after 1874), closes taverns down on election day, extends the voteto all non-native males, gives us thesupreme court in 1875, passes first piece of legislation that prohibits alcohol: THE SCOTT ACT -not creative-too ideological-can’t think outside of the box, lacks innovation Secret ballot-given by A.M., declaring your vote in private

Front 8

Temperance v. Prohibition

Back 8

Temperance- dominate dry philosophy prior to 1850, drink inmoderation, beer is ok, they drink beer out of necessity (breakfast, lunch anddinner) and don’t touch the hard stuff, moral suasion = strategy ofaccomplishment (go into a tavern and persuade drinkers) Prohibition – dominate dry philosophy after 1850, don’tdrink at all, generally lasts until 1930, moral regulation = legislate it -advocates between prohibition doesn’t make any distinctionbetween hard stuff and beer Prohibition Miss Canada cartoon -iIr0Vk

Front 9

Letitia Youmans (1827-1896)

Back 9

president of the WCTU, Methodist, woman’s Christian’stemperance movement, woman who advocates it will be better off if the bar isbanished, norroV

Front 10

Scott Act

Back 10

Canada’s first piece of dry legislation, this is a piece oflegislation that divides the population, lots of individuals want to drink,Mackenzie pays a price for this -period that Mackenzie comes into office the depressionstarts in 1874, response: free trade in U.S.Ar V

Front 11

Adam Smith and Economic Liberalism

Back 11

no trade barriers, Mackenzie believes in smith—introduced tohis ideas by his fathers, smith is an economist, writes the “Wealth ofNations,” Smith is a professor, Charles town send wants to get rid of hisstepson and asks him to take him on the grand tour around Europe and getstutored by a great mind Smith gets to Paris and hates French and stays inside andwrites the Wealth of Nations- writes that we should go the route of free trade1776 comes out, takes 50, 60 years to filter into the culture *Britain believes to go this route in 1846 Mackenzie goes to pages of smith and asks U.S.A for freetrade, U.S. doesn’t want free trade Macdonald watches and makes comeback

Front 12

Economic Nationalism

Back 12

conservative party ideology adopted by MacDonald, belief ofprotectionalism, taxes on imports, putting up a tariff wall, put in national policy speech (1876), ager{V

Front 13

National Policy Speech (1876)

Back 13

Quotes everybody- if your industries are small there isgreat potential for economic nationalism, free trade is for big states likeEngland 1) Tariffs2) The railway: we’re going to build a trans-continentalrailway3) Settle the west, west will produce the food to feedworkers in factories * becomes a one issue election sorV

Front 14

Election of 1878

Back 14

LIBERALS SAY FREE TRADE IS THE BEST and say SJAM policy willhurt farmers, resonates with farmers, but not everyone else, conservativesreturn to power Results: 134 – conservatives 63-liberals NrV