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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element |
Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties |
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Atomic Number |
Number of Protons |
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Minerals |
Inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed up the food chain to humans. |
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Nucleus |
Center of atom |
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Protons |
Single + charge, mass =1 amu |
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Neutrons |
No charge, mass =1amu |
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Atomic Mass |
Total number of protons and neutrons |
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Electrons |
Live in orbitals surrounding the nucleus- Single - charge, very low mass Equals the number of protons making the atom neutral |
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Valence Electrons |
Live in the outermost shell and determine chemical bonding properties of an atom. Valance shell wants to have 8 electrons |
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Isotopes |
Varieties of an element that differ from one another only in the number of neutrons(atomic mass) |
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Radioisotopes |
Unstable isotopes that give off radiation as they decay into their stable form |
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Ions |
charged particles with unequal number of protons/electrons
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Ionization |
Transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
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Anion |
Atom that gains electrons (negative charge) |
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Cation |
Atom that loses an electron |
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Ionic Bonds |
Ions with opposite charges are attracted to each other. |
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Molecules |
Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond |
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Compounds |
Molecules composed of two or more different elements |
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Single Covalent bond |
One pair of electrons are shared |
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Double Covalent bond |
Two pairs of electrons are shared |
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Nonpolar Covalent |
Strongest chemical bond Electrons are shared equally |
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Polar Covalent |
Electrons shared unequally |
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Hydrogen Bond |
A weak attraction between a slightly positive atom in one molecule and a slightly negative atom in another |
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Van der Waals Forces |
Weak, brief attractions between neutral atoms |
