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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a proton?
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A particle with a posative charge. Located within neucleus.
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What is a electron
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Particle that has negative charge. Orbits around the nucleus in energy shells. Relative mass of 1.
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What is a neutron
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Neutron
Neutral charge. Located within nucleus. Relative mass of 1837 |
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Mass number
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# of protons + # of neutrons
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Atomic number
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# of protons = # of electrons
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Atomic mass
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Expressed in amu. Weighted average of the masses of an element's isotopes
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Isotopes
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Atoms of al element with the same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons. Therefore have different physical properties and different chemical properties.
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Atomis mass unit (Amu)
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The average mass of all isotopes in an elemet according to natural abundance
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Periodic law
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Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic #, elements with similar chemical properties occur at periodic intervals
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Group
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Verticle column. 2 notations
a) Roman numerals and A& B b) Arabic numbers 1-18 |
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Period
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Horizontal row. Increase in atomic number from Left to Right
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How many groups have similar properties? Four common names?
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18 groups. Four of which have common names. Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal,
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Alkaline Earth Metal.
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Found in the second group of periodic table. All alkaline earth metals have an oxidation number of +2 making them very reactive. Not found free in nature. (Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium)
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Alkali metal
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Found in group 1. Very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These materials have only one electron in their outer shell. Are ready to lose one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. As with all metals, the alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. The alkali metals are softer then most other metals. Cesium and Francium are the most reactive elements in this group. Can explode if exposed to water. (Li, Na, K. Rb, Cs, Fr)
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Halogens
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The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1. The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter (Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsnic, Antomony, Tellurium, Polomium
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Noble gases
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The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of 0 prevents the noble gases from forming compounds readily. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others), making them stable. (He, Xe, Ar, Kr, Rn
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Lanthanide Series
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named after element lanthanum. Period 6, Atomic number 58-71
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Actinide Series
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Atomic number 90-103. Period 7 named after element actinium.
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