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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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infection
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growth and multiplication of pathogen on or within a host
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pathogen
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any microorganism that causes infectious disease
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primary pathogen
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causes disease by direct interaction with host
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opportunistic pathogen
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causes disease only under certain circumstances
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virulence factors
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products or structural components that contribute to virulence or pathogenicity
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reservoir
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place that pathogen lives before and after causing an infection
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fomites
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inanimate objects that harbor and transmit pathogens
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nonspecific adherence
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involves nonspecific attractive forces which allow approach of the bacterium to euk cell surface
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specific adherence
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permanent formation of many specific lock and key bonds between complementary molecules on each cell surface
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active penetration
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invasion through host's mucous membranes or epithelium
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Passive penetration
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invasion of pathogen through skin lesions, bites, wounds, etc.
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localized infection
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restricted to a specific location in the body
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systemic infection
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spread to several regions of the body
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spreading factors
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bacterial enzymes that affect tissue, promoting spread of the pathogen
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collagenase
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breaks down collagen, frameowrk of muscles, facilitates gas gangrene due to clostridium organisms
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neuroaminidase
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degrades neuraminic acid. produced by intestinal mucosa
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hemolysins
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destroy RBCs by lysis
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bacteremia
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presence of viable bacteria in the blood
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septicemia
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presence of bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream
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pathogenicity islands
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large segments of DNA that carry virulence genes. acquired by horizontal gene transfer.
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pathogenicity
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the ability of a microbe to cause a disease
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virulence
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degree of pathogenicity in a microorganism
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what is virulence determined by?
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invasiveness, toxicity
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Lethal dose 50
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number of pathogens that will kill 50% of hosts
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Infectious dose 50
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number of pathogens that will infect 50 of hosts
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Toxemia
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condition caused by toxins in blood of the host
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exotoxins
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potent biological toxins that cause specific impairment of a major host cell function
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A subunit of AB exotoxins
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responsible for toxic effect and acts on the host cell
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B subunit of AB exotoxins
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Binds to the target cell
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Clostridium Tetani
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causes tetanus. Anaerobic, gram +, spore former
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What toxin does C. tetani release?
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tetanospasmin in low oxygen environments. Also tetanolysin, a hemolysin.
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Trismus
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lockjaw. advanced stages of tetanus
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Tetanus treatment
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antibiotic therapy and treatment with antitoxin
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tetanus prevention
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immunization with toxoid (DPT)
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endotoxins
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lipopolysaccharides from OM of g (-) bacteria. Released upon lysis, cause fever.
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normal flora
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bacteria that are normally present in the body
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