Lecture 16

Front 1

Ipsilateral Reciprocal Inhibition:

Back 1

Good thing:

SAME SIDE:

-Co-contraction: Stimulation to both limb F and E muscles which stabilize a joint (restrict movement)

-RI about a joint: Flexor group contracts, and extensor group is reciprocally inhibited (relaxes)

Front 2

Contralteral Reciprocal Inhibition

Back 2

GOOD thing:

OPPOSITE SIDE:

-Ipsilateral flexor contraction triggers reflex inhibition of the contralateral flexor

-Increased contraction causes increased RI = the harder the muscle contracts, the more it inhibits its antagonist

-Sustained contraction on an agonist (such as this a chronic facilitated state) causes inhibition of the antagonist, which becomes weakened

Front 3

cc:

Back 3

a tight, sustained hypertonic muscle will inhibit both the ipsilateral antagonist, as well as the contralateral agonist

Front 4

Slow-twitch muscle

Back 4

HIPRATT slowly twitched and tighted

Upper-crossed Syndrome

-Oxidative metabolism

-High capillary density (red color)

-Tonic/postural functioning

-shorten and tighten when disturbed

Front 5

Fast Twitch muscle

Back 5

FAST, VAST, ASS

Lower-crossed Syndrome

-Glycolytic metabolism

-Low capillary density (white color)

-Fatigue rapidly

-Dynamic/Phasic function

-weaken when disturbed

Front 6

Upper Crossed Syndrome (shoulder girdle)

Back 6

-Tonic/Postural muscles facilitated: Levator scapulae, Upper trap, SCM, Scalenes, Pectorals, Flexors of UE

***Remember that Tonic/Postural muscles get

tight

WEAK: hypotonic

-Dynamic/Phasic muscles inhibited: Middle/lower trap, Serratus anterior, Rhomboids, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Deltoid, Deep neck flexors, Extensors of UE

Front 7

Lower Crossed Syndrome (pelvic girdle)

Back 7

Characteristics: Dynamic/Phasic

-Weak glutes : Tight/Short hip flexors

-Weak abdominals : Tight/Short thoraco-lumbar extensors

-Anterior pelvic tilt and Increased lumbar lordosis

-Hypermobility at L4-S1

-Difficult sitting up from supine (forward flexion)

weak: butt

Front 8

Psoas

Back 8

Tonic/Postural: Slow twitch; get tight when disturbed

Sx: Hip flexed, T12-L2 dysfunction, facilitation

Tx: Lumbar tenderpoints, ME to lengthen psoas, home stretches

Front 9

Piriformis

Back 9

Tonic/Postural: Slow twitch; get tight when disturbed

Front 10

Hamstrings

Back 10

Tonic/Postural: Slow twitch; get tight when disturbed

Front 11

Upper Trapezius*

Back 11

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Postural/Tonic: Slow twitch; shorten and tighten when disturbed

"Facilitated"

Front 12

Lower Trapezius*

Back 12

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Dynamic/Phasic: Fast twitch; weaken when disturbed

"Pseudoparesis"/ hypotonic

Front 13

Neck Flexors

Back 13

Front 14

Normal sequence of muscle firing patterns in hip extensions***

Back 14

Normal firing pattern is most efficient and effective use of muscles

Front 15

Abnormal sequence of muscle firing patterns in hip extensions**

Back 15

Abnormal firing patterns compensate and still accomplish the required motion, but in a dysfunctional way

Leads to:

1)Anterior Pelvic Tilt

2) Lumbar hyperlordosis with hip extension

3)Inability to maintain knee extension

4)Hypertonic hamstrings, thoracolumbar extensors

5)Atrophy of gluteus maximus

Front 16

What postural changes emerge from crossed syndrome dysfunctional patterns

Back 16

Front 17

Design proper treatment sequences for patients presenting with symptoms related to underlying muscle imbalances

Back 17

-Core retraining: balance and proprioceptive training (standing on one foot)

-Stretch: lengthen the hypertonic postural muscles

-Activate and strengthen previously inhibited dynamic/phasic muscles after realigned

-Gentle aerobic exercise

Front 18

How do tonic/postural muscles respond to dysfunction?

Back 18

Facilitation, hypertonicity, shortening.

Front 19

How do dynamic/phasic muscles respond to dysfunction?

Back 19

Inhibited, hypotonic, and weak (PSEUDOPARESIS)