Lecture 15 - Chapter 17 Immunization & Immune Testing

Front 1

2 types of immunization?

Back 1

•Active immunity

•Passive immunity

Front 2

Immunization of Active immunity?

Back 2

•Activates adaptive immunity

•Production of B & T memory cells

Front 3

Immunization of Passive immunity?

Back 3

From antibodies

Front 4

Vaccines confer Active Immunity?

Back 4

•Inactivated vaccines

•Attenuated vaccines

•Virus like particle

•Subunit vaccines

Front 5

Community Immunity?

Back 5

• AKA herd or population immunity

•Certain level of immunity w/in the community prevent the spread of disease

Front 6

Inactivated Vaccines?

Back 6

•Viral particles grown in culture, killed, destroyed but viral capsid remain intact

•Viral antigens on capsid activates immune response

Hint 6

Only remain a short period of time, why we need booster shots

Front 7

Attenuated Vaccine?

Back 7

•Live viruses but altered to reduce their virulence

•Mutations eliminate virulence

•Viruses reproduce w/in the host & last longer than inactivated vaccines

Hint 7

Polio virus used in Africa since it's bigger

Front 8

Subunit Vaccine

Back 8

•Isolate proteins from virus

•Isolate genes for specific proteins from virus

•Produce proteins from gene using recombinant technology

•Take genes from 1 organism put into a vector & bacteria grows

•Many copies of protein

Hint 8

Like flu vaccine

Front 9

Virus like particles?

Back 9

•Resemble complete viruses

•Do not contain genetic material or cause infection

Front 10

Toxoid Vaccines

Back 10

•Inactivates bacterial toxins

•e.g.Tetanus, Botulism

Front 11

Passive Immunization

Back 11

•Administer antibodies directly

•Immediate protection

•Doesn't provide long term memory protection

Hint 11

Anti venom are antibodies

Front 12

Passive Immunization uses?

Back 12

•Prophylaxis immunosuppressed or immunocompromised individuals

•Acute bacterial or viral infections

•Poisoning & envenomations

Hint 12

Anti venom are antibodies

Front 13

Monoclonal Antibodies

Back 13

•Antibodies made from clones of parent cell – 1 parent cell

•All antibodies recognize the same antigen

Hint 13

Mad at the end is a monoclonal antibodies

Front 14

Monoclonal Antibodies three functions?

Back 14

•Diagnostic

•Autoimmune

•Cancer

Hint 14

Mad at the end is a monoclonal antibodies

Front 15

Serological Testing

Back 15

Blood test determine the presence of antigens/antibodies

Hint 15

Testing serum

Front 16

Six Serological Testing techniques?

Back 16

•Agglutination

•Complement-Fixation

•ELISA

•Immunofluorescence

•Nephelometric

•Precipitation

Front 17

Precipitation

Back 17

•Immune complex forms antibodies bind to antigens

•Immune complexes form insoluble precipitation

Front 18

Agglutination

Back 18

•Similar to precipitation

•Antibodies bind to antigens & causes clumping of the target

•e.g.blood type

•Cold agglutinin disease can't live in cold weather

Front 19

Nephelometry

Back 19

•Determine levels of various immunoglobulins (antibody)

•Antigen- antibody complexes scatters light

•Amount of light scattered calculates levels of antigens

Front 20

ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Back 20

•Antibodies labelled w/an enzyme

•Enzyme changes color when bound to substrate

Hint 20

Testing for HIV & viral diseases very accurate

Front 21

ELISA labelled antibodies?

Back 21

•Added to solution containing antigens

•Bind antigens forms immune complex

•Excess reagents are washed off

Front 22

ELISA final steps?

Back 22

•Add solution contains substrates, to solution containing immune complex

•Substrates bind to enzyme label, enzyme color changes

Front 23

Immunofluorescence

Back 23

•Uses antibodies w/fluorescent label

•Bound antigen-antibody complexes will fluoresce

Hint 23

•Compliment fixation not used.

•Take patient blood remove all proteins

•Add in RBC & antibodies

•Form complex & any excess compliment mutation