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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is normal flora? |
bacteria on your body that help you |
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What organs are sterile? |
heart, liver, kidneys, bladder, brain, ovaries/testes, muscles, etc. |
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What sites have normal flora(biota)? |
skin, respiratory tract(NOT LUNGS), GI tract, outer opening of urethra, external genitalia, vag, ear canal, and eye |
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What does normal flora do to protect you from infection? |
microbial anatgonism |
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What is an endogenous infection? |
caused by biota that are already present in the body (UTI's) get in the wrong place. |
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where does an endogenous infection come from? |
HUMANS |
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Define: true (frank) pathogen |
only present in disease |
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Define: opportunistic pathogens |
normal flora in 1 location and pathogen in another. |
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Define: acute disease |
sudden onset, complete recovery |
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Define: Latent disease |
a dormant state, the microbe can periodically become active and produce a recurrent disease. |
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Define: chronic disease |
long term symptomatic disease (bacteria never goes away & you always have symptoms) |
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Define: subacute infection |
low # of bacteria, no symptoms |
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virulence |
ability to cause infection |
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virulence factor |
anything that allows a bacteria to survive and replicate in the human body. |
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What are the portals of entry? |
skin, GI tract, respiratory, urogenital, |
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Transplacental(Congenital) infecrion |
comes across the placenta and is considered a vertical transmission |
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What does ID stand for? |
infectious dose |
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Infection only proceeds if what? |
the ID is present. |
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What does ID 50 mean? |
how many organisms are needed to infect 50% of people exposed. |
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If a microorganism has a smaller ID is the virulence greater or not? |
Yes it is greater. takes few to actually cause an infection. |
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Low ID50 _____ virulent, higher ID50 _____ virulent |
more less |
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What is the 2nd step of infection? |
attachment |
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what are some examples of adhesion factors |
capsule, slime, fimbre |
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What is the 3rd step of infection |
surviving |
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How do bacteria evade the immune system |
leukocidins |
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how do bacteria scavenge for nutrients |
siderophores |
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What does the A & B stand for in the AB toxin? |
Activity & Binding |
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What are the stages of disease |
Incubation, prodromal, infection, convalescence |
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Define: localized infection |
only in 1 spot(paper cut) |
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Define: systemic infection |
gets in blood spreads everywhere |
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Define: toxemia |
toxin in blood |
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Define: mixed infection |
more than 1 organism |
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Define: focal infection |
infection in one place symtpms elsewhere |
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Define: primary & secondary infection |
initial infection; lowers immunity to others different infection comes in ex: cold that turns into sinus infection |
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how can you get a nosocomial infection |
the hospital
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what is an infectious disease |
a disease caused by an infectious agent or its toxin, can be spread |
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What are animal called that can transfer an infectious agent? |
vectors |
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what is zoonosis |
when the animal is the normal host and you getting the infection is an accident. |
