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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function Of Skeletal System |
1.Support the body 2. Protects soft body parts 3. Produce blood cells (red bone marrow) 4.Stores minerals (calcium, phosphate ) and fat 5.Allows for movement ( tendons attach muscle to bone, ligaments connect bones to bones) |
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Anatomy of long bone |
Diaphysis Epiphysis Yellow bone marrow Red bone marrow Periosteum Ligament |
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Diaphysis |
middle shaft made of compact bone and filled with yellow marrow |
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Epiphysis |
ends of the bone made mostly of sponge bone |
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Yellow Bone Marrow |
stores fats (mostly in shaft) |
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Red Bone Marrow |
makes blood cells found in spongy bone (end of long bone) and flat bone |
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Periosteum |
living outer covering of bone, made of fibrous conn |
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Ligament |
fibrous connective... |
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compact bone |
Composed of osteons with a central canal containing blood vessels Contains living bone cells called osteocytes in chambers called launae, which communicate with other canaliculi |
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spongy bone |
Made of plates (trabeculae) with space filled with red bone marrow |
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three types of cartilage |
Hyaline Cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage |
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Cartilage |
Flexible connective tissue categorized by the type and arrangement of matrix (collagen and elastin) fibers Had no nerves or blood vessels slow to heal |
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Fibrocartilage |
disks between vertebrae and in the knee: stronger than hyaline cartilage |
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Hyaline Cartilage |
ends of long bones, nose, ends of ribs, larynx and trachea |
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Elastic cartilage |
ear flaps and epiglottis; more flexible than hyaline cartilage |
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type of bone cells |
Cells for bone growth, remodeling and repair Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts |
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Osteocytes |
mature bone cells that maintain bone structure |
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Osteoblasts |
bone-building cells secrete organic matrix, promote deposition of calcium and phosphate in bone by removing them from blood |
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Osteoclasts |
break bone down and return calcium and phosphate to blood |
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How are bones formed from cartilage |
Endochondral Ossification- cartilage is replaced by bone; this form most bones |
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How long do bones lengthen |
once epiphyseal growth plates "close" (turn from cartilage into bone or "ossify") bones can no longer lengthen happens between 16-18 women and age 20 in males |
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Hormones effecting bone growth |
Growth Hormone Sex Hormones Vitamin D |
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Sex Hormones |
increases growth during adolescence "growth spurt" |
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Vitamin D |
is converted by kidneys to a hormone that allows the calcium needed for bone growth to be absorbed from food in the intestine |
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Growth Hormone |
stimulates general bone growth |
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Osteoporosis |
Bones are weakened due to decreased bone mass During remodeling bone reabsorption (loss) exceeds renewal (building) usually by age 40 Results in net loss of bone |
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Risk of Osteoporosis |
women, white or asian, thin, family history, early menopause, smoking, diet low in calcium, excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle can lead to bone fractures and other complications |
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Bone Remodeling |
bone renewal (breaking down and rebuilding) occurs at a rate up to 18% of the total bone mass per year Remodeling allows bone to respond to stress by changing their shape |
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Bone stores calcium |
Hormones regulate bone remodeling which controls c |
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Repair of fractured bones |
Hematoma (6-8 hrs) internal bleeding forms a blood clot between ends of broken bones Fibrocartilaginous callus (3 weeks) forms between broken bone Bony callus (3-4 months) fibrocartilaginous callus is converted into spongy bone by osteoblasts Remodeling spongy bone at the repair site is replaced with new bone by osteoblasts. This alters the shape of the repair so it is close to that of the original bone |
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hyoid bone |
only bone in the body that doesn't articulate (connect) with another bone |
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How many bones do you have ? |
206 |
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three types of joints |
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial |
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Fibrous |
usually immovable, such as the sutures (connection) between skull bones |
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Cartilaginous |
tend to be slightly movable, such as the intervertebral disks in spine |
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Synovial |
freely movable joints such as the "ball-and-socket" hip and shoulder joints, and the knee joint |
