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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four stages of food processing in the gastrointestinal tract? (GIT)
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-ingestion
-digestion -absorption -elimination |
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What are GIT compartments?
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allow for controlled digestion of food, absorption of small food units into blood and elimination of wastes
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what do GIT compartments reduce the risk of?
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animals digesting its own cells and tissues
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What is intracellular digestion?
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hydrolysis of food inside food vacuoles inside cells
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what happens in intracellular digestion?
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vacuoles fuse with lysozymes
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in intracellular digestion what do sponges rely on?
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intrace digestion
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What is extracellular digestion
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The breakdown of food in compartments that are continuous with the outside of the animal. this is found in most animals
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Explain two-way GITs and who its found in
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single opening to the gastro-vascular cavity. they are found in cnidarians and flatworms. intracellular digestion is important
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explain one-way GITS and who its found in
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alimentary canal. it is a food processing "assembly line" that has 2 opening to the GIT
-there is unidirectional movement of food (form mouth to anus) -found in most animals. -extracellular digestion |
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What are the functional regions of one way GITS
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mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
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What happens in the mouth?
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-food manipulation and reduction of food size. ---physical and chemical breakdown of food starts
-salivary glands produce saliva -tongue assists the digestive process by: sorting food that ingestible and shape and direct the food ball (bolus) into the pharynx |
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The salivary gland produces saliva. what does this saliva do?
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-antibacterial properties
-food lubricant -food digestion (secretes amylase) -neutralizes pH to protect teeth against decay |
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What is the purpose of the oesophagus?
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food transport from the mouth--> pharynx-->stomach
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What is the difference between the muscles at the top of the esophagus versus the bottom?
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muscles at top are striated and voluntary
muscles at further down are smooth and involuntary |
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What does swallowing involve? define it
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peristalsis: rhythmic cycles of muscle contraction
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What is the purpose of the crop?
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food storage
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Who is a crop important for?
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animals that feed irregularly and consume large quantities of food rapidly
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