Lecture 11

Front 1

Parasympathetic inervation (dilates or constricts) blood vessels?

Back 1

Dilates

Front 2

Parasympathetic inervation (dilates or contracts) bronchioles?

Back 2

contraction (closes airways)

Front 3

Which muscle in the eye is innervted by parasympathetics?

Back 3

sphincter muscle (constricts the pupils)

Front 4

Which muscle in the eye is innervated by the sympathetics?

Back 4

radial muscle (which dilates the pupils….mydriasis)

Front 5

What increases GI motility (parasympathetic or sympathetic)?

Back 5

Parasympathetic

Front 6

What peptide coexists with Norepinephrine?

Back 6

NPY ( neuropeptide Y)

Front 7

What peptide coexists with acetylcholine?

Back 7

VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)

Front 8

What enzyme converts acetyl CoA and choline into acetylcholine?

Back 8

CAT (choline acetyltransferase)

Front 9

Acetylcholine is degraded into what two products by the action of acetylcholinesterase?

Back 9

Acetate and choline

Front 10

Which muscarinic receptor types increase IP3?

Back 10

1,3,5 (M subtypes)

Front 11

Which Muscarinic receptors decrease cAMP and increase the opening of K+ channels?

Back 11

M2 and M4

Front 12

These kinds of receptors (muscarinic or nicotinic) are found on autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle?

Back 12

Nicotinic (nAChRn on ganglia and NAChRm on muscle)

Front 13

What kinds of receptors does acetylcholine work on (muscarinic, nicotinic, both)?

Back 13

BOTH

Front 14

What amino acid is needed to make catecholamines?

Back 14

Tyrosine

Front 15

Starting with the first amino acid, what are the molecules produced in the synthesis of catecholamines?

Back 15

Tyrosine > Dopa > Dopamine > Norepinephrine > Epinephrine

Front 16

What enzyme converts Tyrosine to Dopa?

Back 16

tyrsoine hydroxylase (requires tetrahydrobiopterin)

Front 17

What enzyme converts Dopa to dopamine?

Back 17

L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (needs pyridoxal phosphate)

Front 18

What enzyme converts dopamine to norepinephrine?

Back 18

dopamine B hydroxylase (needs vitamin C)

Front 19

What enzyme converts norepinephrine to epinephrine?

Back 19

phenylethanolamene-N-methyltransferase (cytoplasm of the adrenal medulla)

Front 20

What kinds of receptors do catecholamines act on (nicotinic, muscarinic, adrenergic, all, none)?

Back 20

Adrenergic

Front 21

What degrades norepinephrine after it enters a post-synaptic cell?

Back 21

COMT (catechol- O- methyltransferase)

Front 22

What is the MOST important mechanism of termination of the action of NE?

Back 22

re-uptake into the presynaptic nerve terminal

Front 23

Once NE is taken back up into the pre-synaptic cell, and it does NOT enter the vesicle, what degrades it and where?

Back 23

MAO and it occurs in the mitochondria

Front 24

How can NE present in the synaptic cleft inhibit it's own release?

Back 24

By activating the alpha2 adrenergic receptors

Front 25

How does Resrpine work?

Back 25

preventing the re-uptake of cytoplasmic catecholamines in the presynaptic axon….thus causing less overall catecholamine (antihypertensive, antipsychotic)

Front 26

What does cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants do to the transport mechanisms of catecholamines?

Back 26

inhibit transport from synaptic cleft to presynaptic cytoplasm of NE

Front 27

Re-uptake of NE back into the presynaptic cell is the major mechanism of termination of adrenergic stimulation in most organs EXCEPT?

Back 27

Blood vessels….its enzymatic breakdown and diffusion

Front 28

What organelle is MAO associated with?

Back 28

Mitochondria

Front 29

What are the two isoenzymes of MAO?

Back 29

A and B (B is in the brain)

Front 30

What is the final product of degradation of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Back 30

VMA

Front 31

This drug blocks the re-uptake of choline by transporters (this is the rate limiting step for acetylcholine synthesis)?

Back 31

Hemicholinium

Front 32

This drug blocks the transport of choline into vesicles by VAT?

Back 32

Vesamicol

Front 33

What enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines is inhibited by metyrosine?

Back 33

tyrosine hydroxylase

Front 34

MAO inhibitors (increase or decrease) the amount of catecholamines in the nerve endings?

Back 34

Increase (prevent the mitochondrial breakdown)

Front 35

Increased levels of metanephrine and normetanephrine in the body may indicate this kind of tumor?

Back 35

Pheochromocytoma (too much epinephrine leads to breakdown)