Lecture 10 - Development Of Self

Front 1

General Rouge test results

Back 1

General Rouge test results
• 9-14 months
o no self recognition, often tries to wipe rouge off person in mirror
• 15-17months
o some infants recognize themselves
• 18-24 months
o majority of infants recognize themselves

Front 2

Self-reflection - Priel & deSchonen (1986)

Back 2

researched nomadic tribe infants with no experience with mirrors
o Infants displayed self-recognition at the same ages, and is therefore not based on experience with reflection
o Suggests that this cognitive maturation is:
o Not based on experience with images of oneself
o But on creation of mental symbols (representation of one’s face and body) which allow the establishment of contingencies between pro-prioceptive feedback (awareness of moving ears say without actually seeing it) and the results of one’s actions (moving image in mirror

Front 3

Self-recognition and social experience
- • Gallup (1979)

Back 3

showed that adolescent chimps reared in isolation did not have self-recognition on rouge test
• Why is this?
o Lack of social experience interferes with sense of agency
o When you act on the world, and influence it, you develop sense of agency
o If you lack this basic feedback then you might lack the ability to discern oneself

Front 4

Self-recognition across time

Back 4

• Only at 3.5 years will a child remove a sticker that is placed on the head if they see it in a video with a 2-3 minute delay
o Present self vs extended self
o Immediate feedback is cognitively much simpler than extended self across time – several cognitive elements needed to complete complex task

Front 5

Secure attachment (vs insecure attachment) and self-knowledge

Back 5

o Associated with increased scores on self-knowledge
o Reinforces idea that attachment is based on synchronous interactions. These are foundations for not only secure relationship, but also self-recognition and self-knowledge
o Children deprived of these interactions are likely to have deficits in these areas
o Contingent responses required

Front 6

Development of ToM
- 2 months

Back 6

o will repeat gestures from a human rather than inanimate object
o suggests ability to distinguish between inanimate objects and humans early on

Front 7

Development of ToM
-6 months

Back 7

o human behave differently towards people vs inanimate objects
o if an actor is speaking to something behind a screen they expect it to be a human (look longer if something violates their expectations).
o if an actor manipulates something behind a screen they expect it to be an object, not a human (looks longer)

Front 8

Development of ToM
-9 months
-9-12 months

Back 8

o understand teasing

and

o joint attention
o looking at the same object
o indication of inter-subjectivity : shared understanding

Front 9

Development of ToM
-18 months

Back 9

o understanding desires influence behavior
o tell child a story – sally likes apples but not oranges
o Repacholi & Gopnick (1997)

Front 10

Development of ToM
-2.5 years

Back 10

o Desire and theory of mind
o ie people’s actions are a reflection of their desires

Front 11

Development of ToM
-3-5 years

Back 11

o belief desire theory of mind
o the child realizes that beliefs and desires will influence behavior, and that people may act on their beliefs, even if they are inaccurate

Front 12

Self in Middle childhood and adoescents

Back 12

o As children grow to be adolescents, their self beliefs become less about the categorical self (gender, physical characteristics) and more about
o Self-evaluation (am I good or bad at this?)
o Evaluations by others (personality characteristics: XXXX says im smart!)
o Personality characteristics (consistent aspects of the self across time