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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basal Ganglia Output
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Controls associated movements
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Cortical output
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Controls skilled/associated movements
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Cerebellar Modulation
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Correction of movement
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Descending supraspinal motor pathways
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Regulates progression, posture, muscle tone
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Spinal cord motor integration
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Alpha and Gamma motor neurons integrate activities of descending pathways which results in different types of movements.
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Modulation of thalamocortical (VA/VL) activity
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BG output (GABA) originates from GPi and SNr and inhibits thalamocortical neurons in VA and VL.
VA - initiation of motor programs in area 6 VL - discrete regulation of individual muscles area 4 |
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Modulation of reticular PPN activity
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Descending projection from GPi and SNr to PPN acts to control muscle tone in postural adjustment and rhythmic movements
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Pyramidal Tract (Cortical Output)
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Controls contralateral muscles via lateral/anterior corticospinal tracts.
Skilled, voluntary movements and also modulates spinal reflexes via alpha and gamma neurons |
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Cortico-rubrospinal Tract (Cortical Output)
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Corticorubral segment orginiates in cortical areas and terminates in ipsilateral red nucleus.
Rubrospinal tract terminates on alpha flexors and alpha extensors functions in rhythmic movements |
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Cortico-reticulospinal Tract (Cortical Output)
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Ant reticulospinal tract originates from pons (Facilitate extensor motor neurons)
Lat reticulospinal tract originates from medulla (Inhibiting extensor motor neurons) |
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Cortico-pontocerebellar system (Cortical input)
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Fiber system beginning in cerebral cortex and terminating in ipsilateral basilar pontine nuclei.
Pontocerebellar tract = middle cerebellar peduncle Functions in planning and correction of voluntary movements |
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Cortico-rubro-olivocerebellar system (Cortical input)
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Corticorubral
Rubroolivary Olivocerebellar Rhythmic associated movements trial and error skills |
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Cerebello-rubro/thalamic system (Cerebellar output)
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Originates in deep cerebellar nuclei (globose, emboliform, dentate) and terminates in contralateral red nucles/VL nucleus of thalamus
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Cerebellovestibular (Cerebellar output)
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Fastigial nucleus ---> Vestibular nuclear complex ---> Lat med vestiulospinal tracts
Control postural reflexes |
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Cerebelloreticular (Cerebellar output)
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Deep cerebellar nuclei ----> Reticular formation of pons and medulla ---> ant/lat reticulospinal tracts control postural reflexes/muscle tone
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Decrebrate rigidity
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Compression of rostral midbrain due to cerebral edema
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Opisthotonus
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Hyperextension of axial and limb musculature head and heels bent backwards body bowed forward.
Facilitation of ant reticulospinal tract removal of inhibitory corticoreticular fibers Decreased activity in lat reticulospinal tract due to removal of facilitatory corticoreticular fibers |
