Lecture 1 Immunology: Cellular Components Of The Immune System

Front 1

Where does hemaopoiesis take place in an adult?

Back 1

Red Marrow: Located in Sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, ribs

Front 2

What does it mean to be pluripotent?

Back 2

Can become many different cells types, ie HSC's are pluripotent stem cells

Front 3

What are the 2 lineages of hematopoietic stem cells besides self renewal?

Back 3

Myeloid: Monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, RBC's and platelets

Lymphoid: T and B cells, NK cells

Front 4

What is a CD marker and what is their function?

Back 4

Cluster of differentiation

Serve as:
Receptors\ligands
signalling
Used in classificaton, diagnosis, targeting and selection of cell populations

Front 5

What percentage of nucleated blood cells are monocytes?

Back 5

4-10%

Front 6

What is the morphology of monocytes? CD Marker?

Back 6

Horseshoe shaped basophilic nucleus, CD14+ an LPS receptor

Front 7

What types of cells are considered monocytes and what is their function?

Back 7

Phagocytes, APC's
Secrete cytokines

Front 8

Describe the process of phagocytosis?

Back 8

Bacterium is injested by Monocyte\Macrophage or neutrophil in to a phagosome, phagosome and lysosome combine to form a phagolysosome and degrade the antigen, material are released or presented to T cells

Front 9

What are the 4 APCs mentioned?

Back 9

Macrophages, monocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells

Front 10

What is the function of APC's?

Back 10

Degrade antigen and present peptides on surface using MHC molecules to T cells

Front 11

How do monocytes become macrophages?

Back 11

When they migrate into a tissue the differentiate to macrophage type specific to that tissue

Front 12

What are the 2 classes of dendritic cells and their function\location?

Back 12

APC dendritic cells: Phagocytize antigen then move to secondary lymphoid tissue to present to T cells

Follicular dendritic cells: Found only in lymphoid organs, aid in B cell differentiation

Front 13

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

Back 13

Neutrophils, Basophils, eosinophils

Front 14

What percentage of nucleated cells do neutrophils represent? Lifespan?

Back 14

70%
3 days

Front 15

What is the function of neutrophils?

Back 15

First cells to site of inflammation, Active phagocytes: use O2 dependent and O2 independent antimicrobials

Front 16

What are some example of O2 independent pathways used by neutrophils?

Back 16

Hydrolases, proteases, lactoferrin, lysozymes

Front 17

What are some example of O2 dependent pathways used by neutrophils?

Back 17

Superoxide anion, H2O2

Front 18

What is neutropenia and what are some causes and concerns?

Back 18

Low neutrophil count
Can be caused by drugs or bone marrow toxicity
Increase risk of infection especially gram negative

Front 19

What is neutrophilia and what are some causes and concerns?

Back 19

PMN count more than 8000 cells\microL
A clinical sign of infection
Elevate WBC count commonly due to PMNs due to large percentage

Front 20

What percentage of nucleated cells are Eosinophils?

Back 20

2-5%

Front 21

What is the function of eosinophils?

Back 21

Defense against parasitic organisms.
Secretes
MBP= major basic protein
ECP=Eosinophil Cationic Protein
EPO= Eosinophil Peroxidase

Front 22

Would patients with an allergic reaction have high or low eosinophil count?

Back 22

High because they would be stimulated by mast cells and basophils

Front 23

What are the locations of action for the following cells: Eosinophil,
Basophil, Mast cell, Neutrophil?

Back 23

E= Migrate from blood to tissues
B= remain in circulation
M= Tissue dwelling cell
Neutrophil= Migration from blood to site of inflammation

Front 24

What protein molecules are used to present antigens to T cells?

Back 24

Antigens are presented on the surface of APC's on MHC molecules

Front 25

What are contained in the granules of basophilic cells? And where do they function?

Back 25

Histamine, stay in blood stream, nonphagocytic

Front 26

What are the surface receptors that are on basophils and mast cells? Common function of these cells?

Back 26

IgE and C3a
Allergy response

Front 27

What cells are considered "large lymphocytes"?

Back 27

NK cells and activated T and B\plasma cells?

Front 28

What is the function of B lymphocytes?

Back 28

Make antibodies

Front 29

What are the 3 types of T cells and their function?

Back 29

Helper-cytokine production
Regulatory-immune regulation\limitation
Cytotoxic- direct killing of defunct cells ie tumor, bact. infected

Front 30

What are contained in the granules of basophilic cells? And where do they function?

Back 30

Histamine, stay in blood stream, nonphagocytic

Front 31

What are the surface receptors that are on basophils and mast cells? Common function of these cells?

Back 31

IgE and C3a
Allergy response

Front 32

What cells are considered "large lymphocytes"?

Back 32

NK cells and activated T and B\plasma cells?

Front 33

What is the function of B lymphocytes?

Back 33

Make antibodies

Front 34

What are the 3 types of T cells and their function?

Back 34

Helper-cytokine production
Regulatory-immune regulation\limitation
Cytotoxic- destroy cells with low MHC I ie tumor, virus infected

Front 35

What 2 cells types form memory cells?

Back 35

T and B lymphocytes upon activation can become memory cells or effector cells

Front 36

What is the function of NK cells?

Back 36

Destroy cells with low\nonfunc MHC I expression ie tumor and virus infected cells