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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Top 5 countries with highest sheep population?
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China
Australia India Iran U.S. |
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Sheep population in China
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136million
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Sheep population in Australia
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79million
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Sheep population in India
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65Million
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Sheep population in Iran
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54million
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Sheep population in U.S.
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6million
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Countries with highest swine population
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China
E.U. U.S. Russian Fed. |
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Swine population in China
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446million
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Swine population in E.U.
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156million
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Swine population in U.S.
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66million
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Swine population in Russian Fed?
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16million
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Countries with Highest Cattle population
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India
Brazil U.S. China Argentina |
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Cattle population in India
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175mil
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Cattle population in Brazil
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175mil
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Cattle population in U.S.
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96mil
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Cattle population in China
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83mil
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Cattle population in Argentina
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51mil
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Countries with highest broiler population
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China
US Indonesia Brazil |
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countries with egg production
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china
us India japan |
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U.S. accounts for what % of worlds cattle?
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7%
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U.S. accounts for what % of worlds chickens?
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9%
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U.S. accounts for what % of worlds horses?
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10%
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U.S. accounts for what % of worlds turkeys?
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35%
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Which country is leading in Active Agriculture ?
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Kenya with 74%
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How much Active Agriculture does U.S account for?
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<2%
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How much Active Ag does China account for?
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65%
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How much active Ag does India account for?
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56%
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how much active AG does mexico account for?
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22%
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In order, which 3 counties have the highest % of population active in Agriculture?
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Kenya, China, India
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How long is a cow pregnant?.
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9months
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How long would it take to wean a calf?
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7-9 months
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How long does it take a yearling to gain the weight needed for slaughter?
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5-7months
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How long, after becoming a yearling, does it take a cow to become ready for slaughter?
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4-7months
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How long are Hogs pregnant for?
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~3.75 months
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How long after birth does it take a pig to go to slaughter?
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5-6months
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How long is a turkey pregnant?
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1month hatch
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How long does it take a turkey, after hatching, to be slaughtered?
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4-5 months
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How long does it take a chick to hatch?
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0.75 months
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How long, after hatching, does it take a chicken to go to slaughter?
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1.5 - 2 months
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Which production animal does it take the longest to mature and be ready for slaughter?
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cattle
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Where is cattle feeding concentrated?
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Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa, Texas, Nebraska
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Broiler production concentration?
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South eastern part of the U.S.
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Egg production concentration?
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East part of the U.S.
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Name a trend in milk production and dairy cow production?
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Less cows, more milk.
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Turkey production concentration?
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Mostly concentrated in the East.
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Who is Temple Grandin?
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She designed curved chutes for cattle
reduced animal stress during slaughter Wrote about flight zone and grazing animal behavior |
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Who was the first industry to make the switch to better treat the animals?
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McDonalds
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What are some benefits of less-stressed animals during transport?
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Less chance of injury to handlers and animals.
improved productivity prevents physiological changes that blur research |
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What negative effects have been shown in stressed animals?
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lowered conception rates
Reduced immune system |
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What impairs the rumen function?
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Transit stress and stress imposed by transit
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Which has greater detrimental effects on animals physiology?
Transit stress or water/food deprived |
Imposed transit stress overrates water / food deprivation for the same length of time.
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What should be avoided in herd animals such as, cattle, pigs, and sheep?
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Isolation
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True / false
An animals previous experience with handling will affect its reaction to handling in the future? |
True,
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Animals are not detailed-oriented
True / False |
False, animals see details people don't.
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What is the single most important thing to know about the way animals see the world?
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When animals are seeing the world, it means they are seeing in detail.
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What are some tiny details that scare farm animals?
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Answers will vary, see temple grandin lecture.
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Animals do not notice a change in flooring?
T / F? |
False, animals are detail oriented, and will walk on floor that is the same more easily.
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A cup on the ground inside a chute will cause an animal to balk?
T / F? |
True, you need to keep the chutes clean.
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Screaming and yelling at the cattle will move them easier along the chute?
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False, cattle have sensitive ears and respond negatively to stress and loud noises.
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What are some things to look at during inspection?
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% of cattle vocalizing
Electric prods used |
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The system that Grandin designed herself
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Cows walk into plant single file, up a curved ramp, They ease onto a conveyor belt, moving harness cradles body, lifts them up, Man presses machine to the head, Then its over.
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How does Temple Grandin understand the animals?
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She sees the world through their eyes. She feels as they feel. being Autistic lets her focus on details like animals.
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What is the name of the ramp Temple grandin designed?
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Stairway to Heaven
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Animals disregard sudden movements, changes in floor, light/dark shadows and bright places.
T / F |
False, Animals will get scared at movements, sounds, light and dark openings.
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What are some tiny details that scare farm animals?
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Answers will vary, see temple grandin lecture.
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Chains hanging and blowing in the wind will not have any effect on cattle
T / F |
False - loud noises will cause animals to stop and refuse to move
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Animals do not notice a change in flooring?
T / F? |
False, animals are detail oriented, and will walk on floor that is the same more easily.
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A cup on the ground inside a chute will cause an animal to balk?
T / F? |
True, you need to keep the chutes clean.
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Screaming and yelling at the cattle will move them easier along the chute?
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False, cattle have sensitive ears and respond negatively to stress and loud noises.
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What are some things to look at during inspection?
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% of cattle vocalizing
Electric prods used |
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The system that Grandin designed herself
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Cows walk into plant single file, up a curved ramp, They ease onto a conveyor belt, moving harness cradles body, lifts them up, Man presses machine to the head, Then its over.
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How does Temple Grandin understand the animals?
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She sees the world through their eyes. She feels as they feel. being Autistic lets her focus on details like animals.
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What is the name of the ramp Temple grandin designed?
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Stairway to Heaven
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Animals disregard sudden movements, changes in floor, light/dark shadows and bright places.
T / F |
False, Animals will get scared at movements, sounds, light and dark openings.
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Chains hanging and blowing in the wind will not have any effect on cattle
T / F |
False - loud noises will cause animals to stop and refuse to move
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If animals are used to seeing something, they will get used to it.
T / F |
True - It's the animal that is seeing them for the first time that is the problem
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What kind of vision do cattle have?
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300degrees
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What does wide-angle vision enable?
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Allows a group of cattle on the move to maintain visual contact with each other enabling the heard to stay together
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Loading ramps and handling chutes should have railings, and not be solid.
T / F |
False - Walls on loading ramps and chutes should be made solid
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What will make cattle enter a squeeze chute more easily?
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If the back half of the open bar sides closest to the tail gate is covered , which prevents animal from seeing the operator
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Cattle have poor depth perception. Why?
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The wide angle vision is the trade off for having lack of depth perception. Depth perception is especially bad when their heads are up.
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How many degrees of depth perception does a cattle have?
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60
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What can you do if there is a shadow on the floor, scaring the animal?
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Let them inspect it. Let them lower their heads and make sure the shadow isn't a bottomless pit.
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Grazing have excellent what?
Pertaining to their vision. |
Distance vision
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grazing animals have weak eye muscles that inhibit what ability?
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Focus quickly on nearby objects
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Where should drains be located?
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Outside the area where animals walk.
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Cattle are dichromats.
T / F |
True, they have a sensitivity to yellowish-green and blue purple light.
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Cattle cannot see the full colour spectrum.
T / F |
True - they are dichromats
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Cattle have a sensitivity to what kind of lighting?
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Yellowish-green and Blue-purple
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What does being dichromatic vision make an animal more sensitive to?
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Sudden movement
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What is the ideal illumination for a place that livestock are kept?
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Bright-cloudy day
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What can non-slip flooring prevent?
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Slippage. An animal slipping just a little bit will cause them to stress and panic.
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Number one thing that agitates an animal in the stun box?
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Slipping
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Why is stress-handling important?
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Less Physiological damage, more humane,
Less injury to person and animal |
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What is an animals flight zone?
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Personal Space-
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What happens when a person enters the flight zone?
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the animal will move away.
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What can understanding flight zone do for the animal?
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It can reduce stress, and prevent accidents to animal and person
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How big is the flight zone?
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Depends on the tameness or wildness of the animal
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How can one get rid of the flight zone?
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By frequent gentle handling
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When the handler is OUTSIDE the flight zone the animals will.....
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face the handler and maintain a safe distance
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When the handler ENTERS the flight zone the animals will...
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turn away
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When the flight zone is penetrated...
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the animals will move
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When you retreat from the flight zone...
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the animal stops
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What is an easy way to move cattle?
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Work on the edge of the flight zone
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How close should one be to the animal?
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Close enough to make it move, but not close to make it panic and flee
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What happens if the cattle starts moving quicker than desired?
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Back off and remove yourself from the animals flight zone.
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How do you keep animals moving at a steady pace?
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Alternating in and out of the flight zone
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How can you reward an animal that is doing what you want?
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Relieve the pressure on the animal once it starts moving, and alternate back in to keep the flow moving
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What does handler movement look like to keep cattle moving into the squeeze chute in a curved system?
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A semi circle. Cattle will move forward when handler crosses the point of balance of each animal.
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What does handler movement look like to keep cattle moving into a squeeze chute or restrainer.
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triangle,Walk along the front of the cattle to move animals forward. Walk out of the zone, and back down after making a right angle.
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Where is the point of balance?
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At the animals shoulder
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What happens if the handler stands behind the point of balance?
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Animal will move forward
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What would cause an animal to back up?
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stand in front of the point of balance
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What would one do to start movement in an animal?
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Approach the animal behind the point of balance, and move in and out between position A and B
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What should you avoid while trying to move cattle?
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Getting directly behind them. They have 300 degree vision, so they will move and find you at all times.
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Understanding flight zone behavior, and utilizing the few basic principals can do what?
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Keep animals calm and moving in an orderly fashion.
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To keep the animals moving in an orderly manner handlers should do what?
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Alternate between penetrating the collective flight zone and pulling back from the collective flight zone.
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Continuous pressure is more effective than alternating pressure.
T / F |
False - Alternating pressure lets the animal know he/she is doing what you want.
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What is the Zig-Zag Flight zone technique?
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handler penetrates the flight zone while walking in the opposite direction of desired movement and retreats from the flight zone walking in the direction of desired movement
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What allows the Herd to maintain eye contact with the collective herd?
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Wide angle vision and moving as a herd in general
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After the leader of the herd, where is the next animal positioned?
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Just behind the leaders point of Balance
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Where does a handler want to stand to move animals effectively?
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Behind the point of balance
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Cattle can be slowed or sped up by what?
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By the handler moving backward and forward.
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What can handlers take advantage of that occurs naturally in herd animals?
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Herd animals will follow their leader, once he moves, they follow.
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If the chute is allowed to be partially emptied, animals will hesitate to go in?
T / F |
False - if its allowed to be partially emptied the cattle will willing fill the space.
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what are some good handling tips?
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- Move in small groups,
- Do not overcrowd pen - Understand flight zone - Non slip flooring - keep animals calm |
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What can effect flight zone?
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mishandling,Abuse, scaredness
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What happens when you enter an animals flight zone?
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It runs away.
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What happens when you leave an animals flight zone?
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It stops.
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Where does a handler need to stand to move a cow forward?
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behind point of balance
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Where does a handler need to stand to move a cow backward?
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front of point of balance
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