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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nutrition: What is it? What is a nutrient? |
Nutrition is the science of how living organisms obtain and use food to support all processes required for existence. |
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Non-essential Nutrient: What is it? |
It is something your body needs, but it can produce physiologically needed amounts on its own. |
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Essential Nutrient: What is it? Where can it be obtained? |
It is something your body cannot make in required amounts, but your body still needs it. It has to be obtained from the diet. |
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Conditionally Essential Nutrient: What is it? |
It is a nutrient originally non-essential (body can make it), but it becomes an essential one due to certain circumstances (disease, etc.). |
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Categories of Nutrients: What are they? |
They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. |
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Macronutrient: What is it? |
It is a nutrient meant to be consumed in bulk (>1 gram a day). They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water. |
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Micronutrient: What is it? |
It is a nutrient meant to be consumed in relatively small amounts (<1 gram a day). They include minerals and vitamins. |
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Phytochemicals: What are they? What are some examples? |
They are organic chemicals produced by plants that may be thought to benefit human health beyond the basic nutritional needs (such as preventing a disease), but they are not essential. Examples include anthocyanins (purple fruit), theaflavin (black tea), limonene (citrus fruits), and theobromine (cocoa, chocolate). |
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Zoonutrients: What are they? What are examples? |
They are non-essential compounds found in animals. They include lipids in fish and dairy and larval jelly of honeybees. |
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Functional Foods: What are they? |
They are foods that function beyond basic nutrition needs by having enhanced nutrients, phytochemicals, or zoonutrients. |
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Calorie: What is it? How much energy per gram does a protein give? Carbohydrate? Lipid? Alcohol? What is a bomb calorimeter? |
A calorie (1000 calories makes up 1 Calorie) is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degrees celsius. It is something your body can make ATP from. |
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Scientific Method: How does nutritional research use the scientific method? |
Nutritional research makes accurate and appropriate observations by asking the right questions. They formulates a hypothesis in an attempt to establish a relationship between variables. They tests the hypothesis through epidemiological studies or intervention studies. |
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Cause-and-Effect Relationship: What is it? |
It is a relationship where a change in one factor generally will cause a change in another factor. |
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Correlation: What is it? What are the types? |
Correlation is a kind of relationship where a change in one variable is related to a change in another variable. |
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Relationships: What is the difference between a simple relationship and a complex relationship? |
In a simple relationship, one factor leads to another without interference from other factors. In a complex relationship, other variables come into play in a relationship between two factors. |
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Epidemiological Study: What is it? |
It is the study where data is collected from a large group of individuals who are not asked to change their behaviors in any way (pure observation). It explores genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that might play in a causal relationship, but it does not try to explain a causal effect. |
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Intervention Study: What is it? What is the control group? |
It is a study where you change a variable in the study to observe an effect (using a control group and experimental group). AKA for when you have two variables you would like to study. |