Lecom - Autonomic Pharmacology

Front 1

Parasympathetic preganglionc fibers originate from

Back 1

CN 3, 7, 9, 10
S2-S4

Front 2

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate from

Back 2

T1-L5

Front 3

Where are most of the sympathetic ganglia located?

Back 3

paravertebral and prevertebral chains

Front 4

Where are most of the parasympathetic ganglia located?

Back 4

on the organ innervated

Front 5

Which fibers are long/short in parasympathetics

Back 5

preG/postG

Front 6

Which fibers are long/short in sympathetics

Back 6

postG/preG

Front 7

name some receptors which respond to autonomic transmitters but receive no direct innervation

Back 7

-muscarinic on endothelium of BV
-some presynaptic receptors
-adrenoreceptors on apocrine sweat glands (in some species)
-α2 and β adrenoreceptors in come BVs

Front 8

nerve ending that releases norepi as the primary transmitter; also a synapse in which norepi is the primary transmitter

Back 8

adrenergic

Front 9

a receptor that binds, and is activated by, one of the catecholamine trransmitters (norepi, epi, dopamine) and related drugs

Back 9

adrenoceptor (adrenergic receptor)

Front 10

cells or tissues that have adrenoceptors or cholinoceptors which, when activated, alter teh function of those cells or tissues, eg, smooth muscles,, heart, glands

Back 10

Autonomic effector cells or tissues

Front 11

The neuronal homeostatic mechanism that the body uses in attempting to maintain blood pressure constant.

Back 11

baroreceptor reflex

Front 12

a nerve ending that releases acetylcholine as the primary transmitter

Back 12

cholinergic

Front 13

a nerve ending that releases dopamine as the primary transmitter

Back 13

dopaminergic

Front 14

a neuronal compensatory mechanism for maintaining a body function at a predetermined level, eg, baroreceptor reflex

Back 14

homeostatic reflex

Front 15

ACh is synthesized from______ and ____ using what enzyme?

Back 15

acetyl CoA and choline

choline acetyl transferase

Front 16

What is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of ACh

Back 16

transport of choline into the nerve terminal

Front 17

transport of choline into nerve terminal can be inhibited by

Back 17

hemicholinium

Front 18

ACh is transported into vesicles for storage. This process can be inhibited by

Back 18

vesamicol

Front 19

Release of ACh requires entry of ___ that triggers interaction between vessicle proteins ______ and nerve terminal membrane proteins ______

Back 19

Ca

VAMPS - synaptobrevin, synaptotagmin

SNAPs - SNAP25, syntaxin

Front 20

these toxins alter synaptobrevin or one of the other docking or fusion proteins to prevent release of ACh from terminal

Back 20

botulinum

Front 21

Action of ACh is terminated by____ which does what?

Back 21

AChE; cleaves it into acetate and choline

Front 22

How and why can botulinum toxin be used therapudically

Back 22

it can be injected locally, because it is very large and diffuses very slowly

Front 23

This is the primary transmitter at the sympathetic postG neuron-effector cell synapse in most tissues

Back 23

NE

Front 24

Give steps in synthesis of dopamine and NE

Back 24

1.Tyrosine --> DOPA via tyrosine hydroxylase
2. Dexarboxylation of DOPA to dopamine
3. hydroxylation of dopamine to NE (inside storage vessicle)

Front 25

What is the rate limiting step in dopamine and NE synthesis?

Back 25

conversion of tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase

Front 26

What is the function of metyrosine

Back 26

blocks tyrosine hydroxylase and therefore RLS in formation of dopamine and NE

Front 27

What is the function of MAO and where is it found?

Back 27

inactivates a portion of NE and dopamine in the cytoplasm. foind in the mitochondria in the adrenergic nerve ending

Front 28

What will and MAO inhibitor do?

Back 28

increase stores of NE and dopamine by blocking their inactivation by MAO

Front 29

the vesicular transporter that brings dopamine into storage vessicles can be blocked by

Back 29

Reserpine

Front 30

Dopamine and NE are released by influx of

Back 30

Ca

Front 31

termination of catechilamines Ne and dopamine is via

Back 31

diffusion and reuptake (especially reuptake1)

Front 32

outside synaptic cleft NE and dopamine can be metabolized by

Back 32

MAO and COMT

Front 33

Measure of 24-H excretion of metanepherine, normetanepherine, and VMA can be used to determine what?

Back 33

total body production of catecholamines

Front 34

This drug blocks NE release from nerve terminal

Back 34

guanethidine

Front 35

Muscarinic receptors are primarily located where?

Back 35

on autonomic effector cells (including heart, vascular endothelium, SM, presynaptic nerve terminals, and exocrine glands)

Front 36

muscarinic receptors respond to

Back 36

muscarine and ACh

Front 37

nicotinic receptor respond to

Back 37

ACh and nicotine

Front 38

the two types of cholinoceptors

Back 38

nicotinc, muscarinic

Front 39

two types of adrenoceptors

Back 39

alpha and beta

Front 40

This cholinoceptor subtype is located on nerve ending, Gq-coupled and increases IP3/DAG cascade

Back 40

Muscarinic M1

Front 41

This cholinoceptor is located in the heart and some nerve endings, is Gi coupled and decreases cAMP and activates K+ channels

Back 41

Muscarinic M2

Front 42

This cholinoceptor is located on effector cells: smooth muscle, glands and endothelium. It is Gq-coupled and increases the IP3/DAG cascade

Back 42

Muscarinic M3

Front 43

This cholinoceptor is located in ANS ganglia and is an ion channel. It depolarizes and evokes an action potential

Back 43

Nicotinic NN

Front 44

This cholinoceptor is located at the neuromuscular end plate and is an ion channel. It depolarizes and evokes an action potential

Back 44

Nicotinic NM

Front 45

Adrenoceptor
Located in effector tissues: SM and glands
G-protein:Gq
2nd messenger increases IP3/DAG
Major function: increase Ca, cause contraction, secretion

Back 45

Alpha 1

Front 46

Adrenoceptor
Located: nerve endings, some SM
G-protein:Gi
2nd messenger: decreases cAMP
Major function: decrease transmitter release, cause contraction

Back 46

Alpha 2

Front 47

Adrenoceptor
Located: cardiac muscle, JGM aparatus
G-protein:Gs
2nd messenger: increases cAMP
Major function: increase HR, increase force, increase renin release

Back 47

Beta 1

Front 48

Adrenoceptor
Located: SM, liver, heart
G-protein:Gs
2nd messenger: increases cAMP
Major function: Relax SM, increase glycogenolysis, increase HR and force

Back 48

Beta 2

Front 49

Adrenoceptor
Located: Adipose cells
G-protein:Gs
2nd messenger increases cAMP
Major function: increase lipolysis

Back 49

Beta 3

Front 50

Adrenoceptor
Located: SM
G-protein:Gs
2nd messenger increases cAMP
Major function: relax renal vascular SM

Back 50

Dopamine 1

Front 51

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of radial muscle in the iris

Back 51

sympathetic
alpha1

Front 52

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of circular muscle in the iris

Back 52

parasympathetic
M3

Front 53

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

Contraction of the ciliary muscle of the eye

Back 53

Parasympathetic
M3

Front 54

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

Relaxation of the ciliary muscle of the eye

Back 54

Sympathetic
Beta

Front 55

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

Acceleration of the SA node

Back 55

Sympathetic
Beta 1 and 2

Front 56

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

deceleration of the SA node

Back 56

Parasympathetic
M2

Front 57

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

Acceleration of ectopic heart pacemakers

Back 57

Sympathetic
Beta 1 and 2

Front 58

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

Increase in contractility of heart

Back 58

Sympathetic
beta 1 and 2

Front 59

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

decrease in contractility of the atria

Back 59

parasympathetic
m2

Front 60

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of skin and splanchnic BVs

Back 60

sympathetic
alpha

Front 61

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

relaxation of skeletal muscle BVs

Back 61

sympathetic
beta 2

Front 62

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of skeletal muscle BVs

Back 62

sympathetic
alpha

Front 63

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

relaxation of bronchiolar SM

Back 63

sympathetic
beta 2

Front 64

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of bronchiolar SM

Back 64

parasympathetic
M3

Front 65

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

relaxation of SM in walls of GI tract

Back 65

sympa
alpha 2 and beta 2

Front 66

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of the SM of the sphincters of the Gi tract

Back 66

sympa
alpha 1

Front 67

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of the SM in the walls of the GI tract

Back 67

para
M3

Front 68

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

relaxation of the sphincter SM in the Gi tract

Back 68

para
M3

Front 69

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

increase in GI tract secretion

Back 69

para
M3

Front 70

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

activation of myenteric plexus

Back 70

para
M1

Front 71

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

relaxation of bladder wall

Back 71

sympa
beta 2

Front 72

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of urinary sphincter

Back 72

sympa
alpha 1

Front 73

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

relaxation of uterus (pregnant)

Back 73

sympa
beta 2

Front 74

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of uterus (pregnant)

Back 74

sympa
alpha

also para (M3)

Front 75

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

ejaculation

Back 75

sympa
alpha

Front 76

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of bladder wall

Back 76

para
M3

Front 77

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

relaxaiton of urinary sphincter

Back 77

para
M3

Front 78

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

erection

Back 78

para
M

Front 79

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

contraction of errector pilae

Back 79

sympa
alpha

Front 80

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

increase in thermoregulatory sweat

Back 80

sympa
M

Front 81

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

increase in apocrine(stress) sweat

Back 81

sympa
alpha

Front 82

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

gluconeogenesis

Back 82

sympa
beta 2 and alpha

Front 83

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

glycogenolysis

Back 83

sympa
beta 2 and alpha

Front 84

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

lipolysis

Back 84

sympa
beta 3

Front 85

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

renin release from kidney

Back 85

sympa
beta 1

Front 86

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

decrease in ACh release from ANS

Back 86

sympa
alpha

Front 87

Tell if action is sympathetic or parasympathetic and give the receptor(s) responsible

decrease in NE release from ANS

Back 87

para
M

Front 88

In young adults, pupil and SA node are dominated by

Back 88

PANS

Front 89

these are non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic fibers that have the anatomic characteristics and contain peptides like substance P that are stored in and released from their terminals

Back 89

"sensory-efferent' or "sensory-local effector"

Front 90

Functional integration in the ANS is provided mainly through

Back 90

negative feedback

Front 91

These are presynaptic receptors that bind the primary transmitter substance ans thereby regulate its release

Back 91

autoreceptors

Front 92

these are presynaptic receptors that bind other substances and regulate the release of the primary transmitter

Back 92

heteroreceptors