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203 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
la familia
family
el abuelo
grandfather
la abuela
grandmother
el esposo
el mariado
husband
la esposa
la mujer
wife
el cuñado
brother-in-law
la cuñada
sister-in-law
el gemelo
la gemela
male twin
female twin
el hermanastro
la hermanastra
stepbrother
stepsister
el hermano
la hermana
brother
sister
el hijastro
la hijastra
stepson
stepdaughter
el hijo
la hija
son
daughter
único hijo
única hija
only son
only daughter
la madrastra
el padrastro
stepmother
stepfather
la madre soltera
el padre soltero
single mother
single father
el medio hermano
la media hermana
half brother
half sister
el nieto
la nieta
grandson
granddaughter
la nuera
el yerno
daughter-in-law
son-in-law
el primo
la prima
male cousin
female cousin
el sobrino
la sobrina
nephew
niece
el suegro
la suegra
father-in-law
mother-in-law
el tío
la tía
uncle
aunt
el gato
cat
la mascota
pet
los parientes
relatives
el perro
dog
casado
casada
married (masc.)
married (fem.)
soltero
soltera
single (masc.)
single (fem.)
viudo
viuda
widowed man
widowed woman
vivo
viva
alive (masc.)
alive (fem.)
adoptivo
adoptiva
adopted (masc.)
adopted (fem.)
divorciado
divorciada
divorced (masc.)
divorced (fem.)
extendido
extendida
extended (masc.)
extended (fem.)
materno
materna
maternal (masc.)
maternal (fem.)
paterno
paterna
paternal (masc.)
paternal (fem.)
separado
separada
separate / separated (masc.)
separate / separated (fem.)
las pecas
freckles
los rasgos
traits
alto
alta
tall (masc.)
tall (fem.)
bajo
baja
short (masc.)
short (fem.)
calvo
calva
bald (masc.)
bald (fem.)
castaño
castaña
brown (hair, eyes) masc.
brown (hair, eyes) fem.
de estatura mediana
of medium height
delgado
delgada
thin
feo
fea
ugly (masc.)
ugly (fem.)
gordito
gordita
chubby (masc.)
chubby (fem.)
guapo
guapa
handsome (masc.)
good-looking (fem.)
largo
larga
long (hair) masc.
long (hair) fem.
moreno
morena
dark-skinned (masc.)
dark-skinned (fem.)
pelirrojo
pelirroja
redheaded (masc.)
redheaded (fem.)
la nariz
nose
los ojos
eyes
las orejas
ears
el pelo
hair
canoso
gray
lacio
straight
rizado
curly
rubio
blonde
la piel
skin
corto
corta
short (except for height) masc.
short (except for height) fem.
más _____ que
COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY
more _____ than
menos _____ que
COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY
less _____ than
tan _____ como
COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY
as _____ as
tanto _____ como
tantos _____ como

tanta _____ como
tantas _____ como
COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY
as much / many _____ as
(masc.)
(fem.)
mayor
older
mejor
better
menor
younger
peor
worse
Spanish uses the definite article ___ followed by the singular form of the last name
los

example: los Johnson
Saber expresses knowledge of _____ and pieces of ___________.
Saber expresses knowledge of FACTS and pieces of INFORMATION.
Conocer expresses familiarity with a ______, ____, or ____. Conocer also expresses __ ____.
Conocer expresses familiarity with a PERSON, PLACE, or THING. Conocer also expresses TO MEET.
Object pronouns in Spanish _______ conjugated verbs or may be attached to infinitives.

Examples:
--Mi hermana? La respecto mucho.
--Mi tío quiere invitarnos a una fiesta.
Object pronouns in Spanish PRECEDE conjugated verbs or may be attached to infinitives.

Example:
--My sister? I respect her a lot.
--My uncle wants to invite us to a party.
SUBJECT VS. OBJECT PRONOUNS

yo --> m__
tú --> t__
él / ella / usted --> lo, __
nosotros(-as) --> n__
vosotros(-as) --> o__
ellos / ellas / uds. --> los, l___
SUBJECT VS. OBJECT PRONOUNS

yo --> me
tú --> te
él / ella / usted --> lo, la
nosotros(-as) --> nos
vosotros(-as) --> os
ellos / ellas / uds. --> los, las
Spanish uses the __ ________ to mark full direct object nouns (but not pronouns) This is done to distinguish an object from a subject when both are capable of performing the action. __ ________ is required when both object and subject can perform the action. EXAMPLE: El perro caza AL gato / El perro caza SU cola.
Spanish uses the A PERSONAL to mark full direct object nouns (but not pronouns) This is done to distinguish an object from a subject when both are capable of performing the action. A PERSONAL is required when both object and subject can perform the action. EXAMPLE: The dog chases the cat / The dog chases his tail.
To describe physical characteristics related to parts of the body, Spanish uses the ________ article (el, la, los, las), not a possessive (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, sus, etc) before a body part this is followed by an adjective. When an adjective is not used the definite article is omitted. EXAMPLE: Ricardo tiene pelo / Ricardo tiene EL pelo castaño.
To describe physical characteristics related to parts of the body, Spanish uses the DEFINITE article (el, la, los, las), not a possessive (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, sus, etc) before a body part that is followed by an adjective. When an adjective is not used the definite article is omitted. EXAMPLE: Ricardo has hair / Ricardo has brown hair.
Just as in English, bueno and malo do not combine with más or menos. Instead, the following are used: mejor ___ peor ___
Just as in English, bueno and malo do not combine with más or menos. Instead, the following are used: mejor QUE and peor QUE
To indicate that something is the best, the worst, and so forth, use the ________ article before these adjectives. EXAMPLE: El equipo de basquetbol es __ peor de todos.
To indicate that something is the best, the worst, and so forth, use the DEFINITE article before these adjectives. EXAMPLE: El equipo de basquetbol es EL PEOR de todos. (The basketball team is the worst of all)
COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY

Comparisons of inequality compare differences involving adjectives, adverbs, and nouns using the expressions más ___ and menos ___.

EXAMPLE: Bill Gates es más rico ___ Mr. Smith.
COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY

Comparisons of inequality compare differences involving adjectives, adverbs, and nouns using the expressions más QUE and menos QUE.

EXAMPLE: Bill Gates es más rico QUE Mr. Smith.
COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY

Comparisons of equality express similarities between things. Spanish uses tan ____ with adjectives & adverbs and tanto ____ with nouns.

EXAMPLES: Bill Gates es tan alto ___ Mr. Smith. / Estudio tantas horas ____ tú.
COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY

Comparisons of equality express similarities between things. Spanish uses tan COMO with adjectives & adverbs and tanto COMO with nouns.

EXAMPLES: Bill Gates es tan alto COMO Mr. Smith. / Estudio tantas horas COMO tú.
When comparing similarities that do not involve an adjective, an adverb, or a noun, use tanto ____ (as much as)

EXAMPLE: Mis abuelos no trabajan tanto ____ mis padres.
When comparing similarities that do not involve an adjective, an adverb, or a noun, use tanto COMO (as much as)

EXAMPLE: Mis abuelos no trabajan tanto COMO mis padres.
To say that someone is extremely (adjective), when the adjective ends in a vowel, drop the final vowel & add one of the following to the ___:
--ísimo --ísima
--ísimos --ísimas

When the adjective ends in a consonant, just add the correct form of --ísimo
To say that someone is extremely (adjective), when the adjective ends in a vowel, drop the final vowel & add one of the following to the END:
--ísimo --ísima
--ísimos --ísimas

When the adjective ends in a consonant, just add the correct form of --ísimo
el bistec
steak
la chuleta de cerdo
pork chop
los huevos fritos
los huevos revueltos
fried eggs
scrambled eggs
el jamón
ham
el pavo
turkey
el pollo
chicken
la pechuga de pollo
chicken breast
la salchicha
sausage
el tocino
bacon
mariscos
seafood
el atún
tuna
los camarones
shrimp
la langosta
lobster
las verduras
vegetables
la ensalada mixta
tossed salad
los frijoles
beans
la lechuga
lettuce
el maíz
corn
la papa
potato
las papas fritas
French fries
la soja
soy (bean)
la zanahoria
carrot
las frutas
fruits
la manzana
apple
la naranja
orange
el plátano
banana
los productos lácteos
dairy products
la leche
milk
la mantequilla
butter
el queso
cheese
el queso de crema
cream cheese
el yogur
yogurt
los carbohidratos
carbohydrates
el arroz
rice
el cereal
cereal
el pan
bread
el pan tostado
toast
la rosquilla
bagel
la tortilla de maíz
corn tortilla
los espaguetis
spaghetti
los panqueques
pancakes
los postres
desserts
el helado
ice cream
el pastel
cake
las meriendas
snacks
los dulces
candy
la galleta
cookie
la galleta salada
cracker
la nuez
las nueces
nut
nuts
las papitas
potato chips
las bebidas
drinks
el agua (f.)
water
el café
coffee
el chocolate caliente
hot chocolate
el jugo
juice
el jugo de naranja
orange juice
el refresco dietético
diet soft drink
el té
tea
té caliente
té helado
hot tea
iced tea
el vino
wine
el vino blanco
white wine
el vino tinto
red wine
la cerveza
beer
los alimentos
foods
la mantequilla de cacahuete
peanut butter
la mermelada
jam
la salsa
salsa; sauce
la sopa
soup
la pizza
pizza
el sándwich
sandwich
agrio
agria
sour
aguado
aguada
watered-down
amargo
amarga
bitter
blando
blanda
soft, tender
cocido
cocida
cooked
crudo
cruda
raw
dulce
sweet
duro
dura
hard; tough (meat)
pasado
pasada
spoiled
picante

picoso
picosa
hot, spicy
salado
salada
salty
algo
something
algún
alguno
alguna
algunos
algunas
some, any
siempre
always
jamás
never
nada
nothing
nadie
no one, not anyone
ningún
ninguno
ninguna
none, not any
nunca
never
tampoco
neither, not either
alguien
someone
también
also
el almuerzo
lunch
la cena
dinner
el desayuno
breakfast
la comida rápida
fast food
el plato principal
main course
la ración
slice
la ración de pastel
slice of cake
la ración de pizza
slice of pizza
el vegetariano
la vegetariana
vegetarian
(masc. / fem.)
al horno
baked
al vapor
steamed
de vez en cuando
once in a while
ya murió
he / she already died
The simplest way to express negation in Spanish or English is to use the word no. Although English typically does not use double negation, Spanish must if __ is used.

EXAMPLE: Quieres desayunar algo? / No, no quiero desayunar nada.
The simplest way to express negation in Spanish or English is to use the word no. Although English typically does not use double negation, Spanish must if NO is used.

EXAMPLE: Do you want something for breakfast? / No, I don't want anything for breakfast.
Negative words in Spanish can come before or after a verb. When a negative word comes after a verb, a __ must _______ the verb.

EXAMPLES:
--No desayuno salchichas nunca.
--No voy a comer en ese restaurante tampoco.
Negative words in Spanish can come before or after a verb. When a negative word comes after a verb, a NO must PRECEDE the verb.

EXAMPLES:
--I have have sausage for breakfast.
--I'm not going to eat in that restaurant either.
The adjectives alguno and ninguno shorten to algún and ningún before ________ singular nouns. The plural forms ningunos and ningunas are not used.
The adjectives alguno and ninguno shorten to algún and ningún before MASCULINE singular nouns. The plural forms ningunos and ningunas are not used.
los dos
both
Remember that with gustar, you will need to use an __ before "los dos" because gustar literally means "to be pleasing to."

EXAMPLE: __ los dos nos gustan las verduras.
Remember that with gustar, you will need to use an A before "los dos" because gustar literally means "to be pleasing to"

EXAMPLE: A los dos nos gustan las verduras (We both like vegetables)
With gustar, Spanish and English have _______ word orders to express the same thing because the subjects of each sentence type are different.

EXAMPLE: Me gustan las verduras al vapor.
With gustar, Spanish and English have REVERSE word orders to express the same thing because the subjects of each sentence type are different.

EXAMPLE: I like steamed vegetables. (las verduras / steamed vegetables is the subject)
The verb gustar requires what are called indirect ______ or inderect object ________.
The verb gustar requires what are called indirect OBJECTS or inderect object PRONOUNS.
An ________ object is a noun that expresses:
1) to whom something happens
2) for whom something happens
3) to what something happens
4) for what something happens
An INDIRECT object is a noun that expresses:
1) to whom something happens
2) for whom something happens
3) to what something happens
4) for what something happens
In the sentence "I spoke to John" John is the ________ object of the verb spoke and I is the subject.
In the sentence "I spoke to John" John is the INDIRECT object of the verb spoke and I is the subject.
In the sentence "Mary bought the tie for her friend"

Her friend is the ________ object of the verb.
Mary is the _______.
The tie is the ______ object.
In the sentence "Mary bought the tie for her friend"

Her friend is the INDIRECT object of the verb.
Mary is the SUBJECT.
The tie is the DIRECT object.
In English, the indirect object ________ are:

--me
--you
--him / her
--us
--them
In English, the indirect object PRONOUNS are:

--me
--you
--him / her
--us
--them
In Spanish, the indirect object pronouns are:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
In Spanish, the indirect object pronouns are:
1) ME (me)
2) TE (you)
3) LE (him / her / formal sing. you)
4) NOS (us)
5) OS (informal & plural 'you all' - Spain)
6) les (them / formal & plural 'you all')
When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used ______ the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time.

EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.
When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used BEFORE the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time.

EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.
To add emphasis or clarification, the preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes.

EXAMPLE: ¿A __ te gustan?
(You like them? / Literally: They are pleasing to you?)
The preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes to add emphasis or clarification.

EXAMPLE: ¿A TI te gustan? (You like them?)
When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used ______ the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time.

EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.
When an indirect object pronoun is present, an 'a' must be used BEFORE the noun to indicate to/for and the indirect object pronoun is used at the same time.

EXAMPLE: A mis compañeros les gustan las verduras al vapor.
To add emphasis or clarification, the preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes.

EXAMPLE: ¿A __ te gustan?
(You like them? / Literally: They are pleasing to you?)
The preposition 'a' can also be used with mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros(-as), vosotros(-as), and ustedes to add emphasis or clarification.

EXAMPLE: ¿A TI te gustan? (You like them?)
Indirect objects don't just occur with gustar, they also occur with any verb to which you can add __ whom, ___ whom, __ what, ___ what, etc.

EXAMPLE: Te doy mis verduras
Indirect objects don't just occur with gustar, they also occur with any verb to which you can add TO whom, FOR whom, TO what, FOR what, etc.

EXAMPLE: I'm giving my vegetables to you.