Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the historical timeline for learning and memory?
|
Plato, Galen, Bonnet, Tanzi, Pavlov, Lashley, Hebb
|
|
|
Plato
|
Wax tablet hypothesis - experiences shape our memory - imprint onto wax tablet
|
|
|
Galen
|
Psychic pneuma - brain ventricles important for mind, memory is in third ventricle. Vital spirits, animal spirits.
|
|
|
Bonnet
|
Sensations transmitted by resonations - like guitar strings. Memory is represented by a change in the flexibility of nerve fibers such that they are more or less likely to resonate when stimulated again.
|
|
|
Tanzi
|
First synaptic theory - developmental synaptogenesis in adults to store memory.
|
|
|
Ebbinghaus
|
Important memory retention studies using nonsense syllables. Showed that repitition improved long term retention.
|
|
|
Pavlov
|
Classical conditioning - memories formed in cortex. Irradiation theory - strong stimuli excited cortical regions and this irradiates to other cortical regions excited by weak stimuli.
|
|
|
Lashley
|
Searched for engrams - rejected cortical localization of engrams. Equipotentiality - cortical regions seem equally involved in memory. Mass Action - memory is compromised after losing cortical tissue to damage.
|
|
|
Hebb
|
Memories stored in cell assemblies. If one cell repeatedly takes part in firing onto another cell, the connection between the two become strengthened.
|
|
|
Patient H.M.
|
Surgery removed hippocampus and amygdala. Severe memory loss - amnesia. Retrograde amnesia - old memories intact, recent memories within past 10 years lost. Also anterograde amnesia - no ability to form new memories.
|
|
|
What was H.M's amnesia selective to?
|
Certain kinds of information because he could do mirror tracing task.
|
|
|
Memories three stages
|
Short term, intermediate-term, long-term. Encoding, consolidation, retrieval
|
|
|
What affects declarative memory?
|
Medial temporal lobe damage
|
|
|
Affect - ?
|
Amygdala
|
|
|
Own locomotor response - ?
|
Caudate nucleus
|
|
|
Space & Time - ?
|
Hippocampal formation
|
|
|
Sensory perception - ?
|
Extrastriate cortex
|
|
|
Nonassociative learning
|
Habituation, Dishabituation/Sensitization
|
|
|
Properties of habituation
|
Negatively accelerated curve to asymptote, exhibits spontaneous recovery, repeated training yields faster habituation, rate of habituation is proportional to stimulus frequency, rate of habituation is inversely proportional to stimulus intensity, habituation is stimulus-specific, but will generalize to similar stimuli.
|
|
|
Massed training vs. distributed training
|
habituation is short term in massed while long term if distributed
|
|
|
Dual Process Theory
|
Habituation and sensitization co-occur. Independent processes. Habituation is stimulus-specific while sensitization is not.
|
|
|
Is habituation context-specific?
|
Short-term, no. Long-term, yes
|
|
|
Learning curves
|
conditioning is rapid in early stages, but reaches asymptote. conditioning can occur at diff. rates which is determined by salience. conditioning can reach different plateaus - determined by magnitude of US
|
