Learning Exam #3 Terminology

Front 1

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

Back 1

A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior that is incompatible with an unwanted behavior is systematically reinforced.

Front 2

Differential reinforcement of zero responding (DR0)

Back 2

A form of differential reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on the complete absence of a behavior for a period of time. Also called differential reinforcement of other behavior because some other behavior is necessarily reinforced.

Front 3

Negative punishment

Back 3

A punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus. Also called type 2 punishment or penalty training. (C’. positive punishment.)

Front 4

Penalty training

Back 4

A punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus. Also called type 2 punishment or penalty training. (C’. positive punishment.)

Front 5

Positive punishment

Back 5

A punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the presentation of, or an increase in the intensity of, a stimulus. Also called type 1 punishment. (C’. negative punishment.)

Front 6

Punisher

Back 6

Any consequence of a behavior that decreases the strength of that behavior. (C’. reinforcer.)

Front 7

Punishment

Back 7

The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that reduce the strength of that behavior. (See positive punishment and negative punishment; C’. reinforcement.)

Front 8

Response prevention

Back 8

The procedure of altering the environment to prevent unwanted behavior from occurring.

Front 9

Type 1 punishment

Back 9

A punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the presentation of, or an increase in the intensity of, a stimulus. Also called type 1 punishment. (C’. negative punishment.)

Front 10

Type 2 punishment

Back 10

A punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus. Also called type 2 punishment or penalty training. (C’. positive punishment.)

Front 11

Distancing

Back 11

A self-control technique consisting of staying away from situations that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior.

Front 12

Distraction

Back 12

A self-control technique consisting of directing attention away from events that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior.

Front 13

Inform others of your goals

Back 13

A self-control technique in which a person tells others of his or her efforts to change his behavior.

Front 14

Learned helplessness

Back 14

The failure to escape an aversive following exposure to an inescapable aversive.

Front 15

Learned industriousness

Back 15

An increased tendency to work hard for prolonged periods as a result of reinforcement of high levels of effort and persistence.

Front 16

Monitoring behavior

Back 16

A self-control technique consisting of keeping a tally of the number of times the behavior in question occurs.

Front 17

Physical restraint

Back 17

A self-control technique consisting of doing something that physically prevents an undesirable behavior from occurring.

Front 18

Superstitious behavior

Back 18

Any increase in the strength of behavior that is due to coincidental reinforcement.

Front 19

Attentional processes

Back 19

In Bandura''s theory of vicarious learning, any activity by an observer that aids in the observation of relevant aspects of a model''s behavior and its consequences.

Front 20

Generalized imitation

Back 20

The tendency to imitate modeled behavior even though the imitative behavior is not reinforced.

Front 21

Motivational processes

Back 21

In Bandura''s theory of vicarious learning, the expectation that a modeled behavior will be reinforced.

Front 22

Motor reproductive processes

Back 22

In Bandura''s theory of vicarious learning, the skills required to perform modeled behavior.

Front 23

Observational learning

Back 23

Any procedure in which an organism learns by observing the behavior of another organism.

Front 24

Retentional processes

Back 24

In Bandura''s theory of vicarious learning, any activity by an observer that aids recall of modeled behavior.

Front 25

Vicarious learning

Back 25

Any procedure in which an organism learns by observing the behavior of another organism.

Front 26

Vicarious punishment

Back 26

A decrease in an observer''s tendency to imitate a model when the model''s behavior has been punished.

Front 27

Vicarious reinforcement

Back 27

An increase in an observer''s tendency to imitate a model when the model''s behavior has been reinforced.