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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stimulus control |
the relationship between stimuli and the behaviors follow them |
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generalization |
the transfer of a learned response from one stimulus to another, similar stimulus |
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generalization example: |
if you grew up using PCs and you switched over to Mac. generalization |
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learning to respond to one stimulus but not to another, similar stimulus. |
Discrimination |
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discrimination example |
to be able to talk about certain subjects but not others. Like JP and politics at the holiday table. When engage in politics in his family but if he was at someone else's home that he didn't know that well he would discriminate and not speak about politics. |
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Who stated that generalization is an automatic byproduct of the conditioning process? |
Pavlov |
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who believed generalization is the product of explicit discrimination training of a given stimulus characteristic ( e.g., wavelength of light or frequency of tone) |
Lashley and Wade |
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who argued that generalization gradients are innate? |
Pavlov |
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who argued that generalization gradients depend on learning experience? |
Lashley and Wade |
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A phenomenon in which changes made to one schedule of reinforcement result in a change in response rate on the unchanged schedule of reinforcement. |
Behavioral contrast |
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a type of behavioral contrast in which there is an increase in responding in the presence of one stimulus due to a decrease in the reinforcement conditions for another stimulus. |
Positive contrast |
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negative contrast: |
a type of behavioral contrast in which there is a decrease in responding in the presence of one stimulus due to an increase in the reinforcement conditions for another stimulus. |
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A pigeon 1st receives reinforcers for responding in the presence of either blue or yellow stimuli, but then the schedule for the yellow stimulus switches to extinction. You would expect responding in the presence of the blue stimulus to_______. |
increase. |
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A procedure for teaching discriminations developed by Herbert Terrace; errorless discrimination learning begins the stimuli that are easy for the subject to discriminate and progresses to more difficult ones, so the subject makes very few errors during the course of learning. |
Errorless discrimination learning |
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concept formation: |
concept formation is a complex example of stimulus control that requires both stimulus generalization within a class of stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli. |
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Share common physical forms (e.g., dogs and trees) or common relative relations ( e.g., bigger than, on top of) |
feature stimulus class |
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arbitrary stimulus class: |
Evoke the same response, but do not share a common stimulus feature. E.g., 50%, 1/2, divided evenly, and 0.5 |
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use discrimination training to teach pigeons the concept of people |
Herrnstein |
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stimulus equivalence |
equivalence describes the emergence of accurate responding to untrained and non-reinforced stimulus–stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus–stimulus relations |
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behavior analyst defined stimulus equivalence by testing for? |
reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity among stimulus–stimulus relations. E |
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Who based the above definition on the mathematical statement: –if A=B, and -B=C, then - A=C |
Sidman and Tailby 1982 |
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stimulus equivalence |
a situation in which in individual learns to respond to all stimuli and a category as if they are interchangeable even though the individual has been taught only a few relations between the stimuli, not all the possible relations. |
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Study behavior |
Fox 1962 schedule one hour per day per course selecting normal setting e.g., library study room schedule same hour every day take only relevant study materials if distracted, read one more page, and leave immediately choose a highly preferable activity to engage in after each study session. Purpose: establish a particular time and place as a strong stimulus for studying a particular subject |
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some cases are medial in nature. Many are the result of inappropriate stimulus control - the bed does not set the occasion for sleeping - rather, it sets the occasion for watching TV, reading, thinking/worrying about the days events, etc. Bootzin 1972 |
insomnia |
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Whose theory of absolute stimulus control can account for peak shift, but falls short with regard to addressing the intermediate–size problem? |
Spence's Theory |
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who proposed the generalization is an automatic byproduct of the conditioning process? |
Pavlov |
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who developed and " errorless" discrimination procedure that is been used in behavior modification programs? |
Terrace |
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True or false: concept formation occurs when individuals learn to treat one class of stimuli as positive and another class as negative. |
True |
