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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spaced versus massed practive effect
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it is better to spread studying over several days rather than to cram it all into one day
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Retrieval failure
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termporary forgetting for otherwise well-known information
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Context-dependent learningq
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it is better to study in the place in which you take the test
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Partially true...
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...are half-truths
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Reminiscence, or...
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...hypermnesia, the opposite of forgetting.
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More is remembered later than was recalled earlier is...
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...reminiscence, or hypermnesia.
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Forgetting occurs...
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...over time.
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Epistemology
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the study of how we come to have knowledge
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What is the central question for the field of learning?
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how we come to have knowledge
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Who suggested that there were other sources of knowledge that did not depend on experience?
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Descartes
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Nativism
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Knowledge which is innately given, for example, our ideas of God, infinity, or perfection.
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Rationalism
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Knowledge which is derived by a reasoning, logical, and intuiting mind, as illustrated by the derivation of geometric axioms and algebraic logic.
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Who suggested that the origing of knowledge is in experience, as provided to the mind through the senses?
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John Locke
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Empiricism
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the origin of knowledge is in experience, as provided to the mind through the senses
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Contiguous
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close together in time or space
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Locke allowed that knowledge could be derived within the mind by...
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reflection, or thinking and reasoning with previously learned ideas.
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What is the prime example of preparedness?
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the human capacity for language
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Leaning is...
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the acquisition of knowledge.
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Knowledge must be...
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broadly defined to incude not just verbal knowledge, but also habits and skills, attitudes, and knowledge or behavior outside conscious awareness.
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Learning may be defined as a relatively...
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permanent change in behavior, or behavioral repertoire, that occurs as a result of experience.
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Learning and memory ARE NOT...
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observed directly
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Where does learning and memory occur?
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in the nervous system
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Behavioral repertoire
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the stock of behaviors that might be performed
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Are all learning immediately evidenced by overt behaviors?
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No
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What two areas do not fit precisely within the formal definition of learning?
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Two such areas are distinctions between maturation and learning and between biology and environment.
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